Editing Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre (section)

==Presidency of Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro and the Great Clandestinity (1931–1945)==
[[File:Haya-Heysen-1933.jpg|thumb|left|Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre and Luis Heysen, one day after the former's release from prison. August 11, 1933.]]
The Sánchez Cerro government was authoritarian and repressive. Haya de la Torre was subsequently arrested, and the APRA congressional representation was ousted in January 1932, prompting popular protests across the country.<ref name="ref_duplicada_8">''El Perú en los Tiempos Modernos'', Julio R. Villanueva Sotomayor.</ref> In the city of [[Trujillo, Peru|Trujillo]], a failed APRA armed uprising took place that led to clashes between the APRA members and the [[Peruvian Armed Forces|Armed Forces of Peru]]. The insurrection was harshly repressed, hundreds of Apristas were detained, and over 6000 were executed in front of the Peruvian ruins of Chan Chan (on the outskirts of Trujillo).<ref name="washingtonpost1979">{{Cite news |title=V.R. Haya de la Torre, Latin American Democrat, Dies - The Washington Post |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1979/08/04/vr-haya-de-la-torre-latin-american-democrat-dies/978cf137-e049-463b-a2c5-2c74cb5b3bac/}}</ref> The so-called "Trujillo Revolution", as the Apristas know it, was parallel to other revolutionary movements in various parts of the country (such as [[Huaraz]] and [[Huari District|Huari]]).<ref>Basadre, 2005, tomo 15, p. 211.</ref>

In spite of the revolution, the [[Congress of the Republic of Peru|Peruvian Congress]] amended the Constitution, banning all "international" parties. Based on this, and invoking that the nation was in danger, the government declared the [[American Popular Revolutionary Alliance|Peruvian Aprista Party]] illegal in 1932. However, president Sánchez Cerro was assassinated with several shots at point-blank range on April 30, 1933, in the Campo de Marte of Lima. The perpetrator of the assassination was an APRA member identified as Alejandro Mendoza Leyva, who was killed on the spot, although the APRA leadership could not be syndicated as the intellectual author of the crime, due to lack of evidence.<ref>Basadre, 2005, tomo 16, p. 67.</ref>

After the death of Sánchez Cerro, former president and general [[Óscar R. Benavides]] took office, who expressed hope in "peace and harmony" for Peru. Haya was released from prison on August 10, 1933, as other Aprista prisoners were also released from jails and many others returned from exile. But this release would not last long. Following the Aprista conspiracy of El Agustino, in November 1934, the government resumed its anti-Aprista persecution. Thus began, for Haya and his supporters, the stage of "the great clandestinity", which would only conclude, officially, in 1945<ref>Sánchez, 1985, p.294.</ref> (to increase again between 1948 and 1956, under [[Manuel A. Odría]] administration).

In the 1936 presidential elections, the [[American Popular Revolutionary Alliance|Peruvian Aprista Party]] supported [[Luis A. Eguiguren|Luis Antonio Eguiguren]], who attained the highest number of votes; however, Congress invalidated the election on the grounds that the votes in favor of Eguiguren came from members of an outlawed party, an unheard-of argument, even more so considering that suffrage was secret.<ref>Chirinos Soto, 1985, tomo II, p. 125.</ref>