Editing Víctor Jara (section)

==Legal actions==
On 16 May 2008, retired colonel Mario Manríquez Bravo, who was the chief of security at Chile Stadium as the coup was carried out, was the first to be convicted in Jara's death.<ref name=Jaraconvict>{{cite news |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/world/446834 |title=Judge rules in Pinochet-era case of murdered singer  |agency=Reuters |work=Stuff.co.nz |date=16 May 2008 |access-date=6 June 2015}}</ref> Judge Juan Eduardo Fuentes, who oversaw Bravo's conviction, then decided to close the case,<ref name=Jaraconvict /> a decision Jara's family soon appealed.<ref name=Jaraconvict /> In June 2008, Judge Fuentes re-opened the investigation and said he would examine 40 new pieces of evidence provided by Jara's family.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7435128.stm |work=BBC News |title=New probe into Victor Jara murder |date=4 June 2008 |access-date=27 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/victor-jara-former-pinochet-general-found-liable-torture-and-murder-celebrated-folk-singer-a7106811.html|title = This woman waited 43 years to secure justice for her slain husband|website = [[Independent.co.uk]]|date = 28 June 2016}}</ref>

On 28 May 2009, José Adolfo Paredes Márquez, a former Army conscript arrested the previous week in San Sebastián, Chile, was formally charged with Jara's murder. Following his arrest, on 1 June 2009, the police investigation identified the officer who had shot Jara in the head. The officer played [[Russian roulette]] with Jara by placing a single round in his revolver, spinning the cylinder, placing the muzzle against Jara's head, and pulling the trigger. The officer repeated this a couple of times until a shot fired and Jara fell to the ground. The officer then ordered two conscripts (one of them Paredes) to finish the job by firing into Jara's body. A judge ordered Jara's body to be [[Exhumation|exhumed]] in an effort to gather more information about his death.<ref name="exhumed">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8084201.stm |title=Chilean singer Jara is exhumed |date=4 June 2009 |publisher=BBC |access-date=5 June 2009}}</ref><ref name="A oficial que ajustició a Víctor Jara, le decían &quot;El Loco&quot;">{{cite web |title=A oficial que ajustició a Víctor Jara, le decían "El Loco" |url=http://www.lanacion.cl/prontus_noticias_v2/site/artic/20090601/pags/20090601020443.html |work=Red Nacion |access-date=17 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017063426/http://www.lanacion.cl/prontus_noticias_v2/site/artic/20090601/pags/20090601020443.html |archive-date=17 October 2013 |url-status=dead  }}</ref><ref name="The Guardian">{{cite web |last=Carroll |first=Rory |title=Ex-Pinochet army conscript charged with folk singer Victor Jara's murder |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/may/28/chile-regime-murder-charge-victor-jara |work=The Guardian |date=28 May 2009 |access-date=17 October 2013}}</ref>

On 3 December 2009, Jara was reburied after a massive funeral in the [[Galpón Víctor Jara]], across from Santiago's [[Plaza Brasil]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://globalvoicesonline.org/2009/12/05/chile-a-proper-funeral-for-victor-jara/ |title=Chile: A Proper Funeral for Víctor Jara |date=5 December 2009 |publisher=[[Global Voices Online]] |access-date=6 December 2009}}</ref>

On 28 December 2012, a judge in Chile ordered the arrest of eight former army officers for alleged involvement in Jara's murder.<ref>{{cite news |publisher=CNN |title=Charges brought in Chilean singer's death, 39 years later |author=Mariano Castillo |date=29 December 2012 |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2012/12/29/world/americas/chile-victor-jara-charges/index.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-20861432 |title=Ex-army officers implicated in Victor Jara death |publisher=BBC |date=28 December 2012 |access-date=18 July 2013}}</ref> He issued an international arrest warrant for one of them, Pedro Barrientos Núñez, the man accused of shooting Jara in the head during a torture session.

On 4 September 2013, [[Chadbourne & Parke]] attorneys Mark D. Beckett<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.chadbourne.com/mbeckett|title=Mark D. Beckett {{!}} Chadbourne & Parke LLP|website=www.chadbourne.com|access-date=16 July 2016}}</ref> and Christian Urrutia,<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.chadbourne.com/currutia|title=Christian Urrutia {{!}} Chadbourne & Parke LLP|website=www.chadbourne.com|access-date=16 July 2016}}</ref> with the assistance of the [[Center for Justice and Accountability]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cja.org/what-we-do/litigation/jara-v-barrientos/clients/|title=Clients {{!}} CJA|language=en-US|access-date=28 August 2016}}</ref> filed suit in a United States court against Barrientos, who at the time lived in [[Florida]], on behalf of Jara's widow and children. The suit accused Barrientos of arbitrary detention; cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment; [[extrajudicial killing]]; and [[crimes against humanity]] under the [[Alien Tort Statute]] (ATS), and of torture and extrajudicial killing under the [[Torture Victim Protection Act]] (TVPA). It alleged that Barrientos was liable for Jara's death as a direct perpetrator and as a commander.<ref name="Complaint: Jara v. Barriento" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Jara v. Barrientos No. 3:13-cv-1075-J-99MMH-JBT (2013). |url=http://cja.org/article.php?id=1361 |access-date=5 September 2013 |newspaper=Center for Justice and Accountability |date=4 September 2013}}</ref>

The specific claims were that:
* On 11 September 1973, troops from the Arica Regiment of the Chilean Army, specifically from [[La Serena, Chile|La Serena]], attacked the university where Jara taught. The troops prohibited civilians from entering or leaving the university premises. During the afternoon of 12 September 1973, military personnel entered the university and illegally detained hundreds of professors, students, and administrators. Víctor Jara was among those arbitrarily detained on the campus and was subsequently transferred to Chile Stadium, where he was tortured and killed. 
* In the course of transporting and processing the civilian prisoners, Captain Fernando Polanco Gallardo, a commanding officer in military intelligence, recognized Jara as the well-known folk singer whose songs addressed social inequality, and who had supported President Allende's government. Captain Polanco separated Jara from the group and beat him severely. He then transferred Jara, along with some of the other civilians, to the stadium.
* Throughout his detention in the locker room of the stadium, Jara was in the physical custody of Lieutenant Barrientos, soldiers under his command, or other members of the Chilean Army who acted in accordance with the army's plan to commit human rights abuses against civilians.
* The arbitrary detention, torture, and extrajudicial killing of Jara and other detainees were part of a widespread, systematic attack on civilians by the Chilean Army from 11 to 15 September 1973. Barrientos knew, or should have known, about these attacks, if for no other reason than that he was present for and participated in them.<ref name="Complaint: Jara v. Barriento" />

A 2009 [[Inter-American Commission on Human Rights]] (IACHR) legal petition which was published in December 2019 described Polanco as having been a "Captain of Army Intelligence," and noted that he had been detained through the jurisdiction of the Criminal Justice of Santiago in May 2004 for his role in a separate murder and was convicted in 2007.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.oas.org/en/iachr/decisions/2019/chad1477-09en.pdf|title=Report No. 171/19/PETITION 1477-09|author=IACHR|publisher=OAS|date=5 December 2019|accessdate=16 November 2023}}</ref>

On 15 April 2015, a US judge ordered Barrientos to stand trial in Florida.<ref>{{cite news |title=Victor Jara killing: Chile ex-army officer faces US trial |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-32328555 |access-date=15 April 2015}}</ref> On 27 June 2016, he was found liable for Jara's killing, and the jury awarded Jara's family $28&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite news|last=Luscombe|first=Richard|url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jun/27/victor-jara-pedro-pablo-barrientos-nunez-killing-chile |title=Former Chilean military official found liable for killing of Victor Jara|work=The Guardian|date=27 June 2016|access-date=10 July 2016}}</ref>

On 3 July 2018, eight retired Chilean military officers were sentenced to 15 years in prison for Jara's murder and the murder of his Communist associate and former Chilean prison director Littre Quiroga Carvajal.<ref name=reuters>{{cite news |author1-last=De la Jara|author2-last=Laing|author1-first=Antonio|author2-first=Aislinn|title=Eight Chilean military officers sentenced for singer Victor Jara's murder |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-chile-rights-jara/eight-chilean-military-officers-sentenced-for-singer-victor-jaras-murder-idUSKBN1JT2X1 |work=Reuters|date=3 July 2018|access-date=19 November 2018}}</ref><ref name=bbcsentence /> They received three extra years for kidnapping both men.<ref name=bbcsentence />  A ninth suspect was sentenced to five years in prison for covering up the murders.<ref name=reuters /><ref name=bbcsentence>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-44709924|title=Victor Jara killing: Nine Chilean ex-soldiers sentenced|work=BBC News|date=4 July 2018|access-date=24 January 2019}}</ref> 

In November 2018, it was reported that a Chilean court ordered the extradition of Barrientos.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/18/us/victor-jara.html|title=He Died Giving A Voice to Chile's Poor. A Quest for Justice Took Decades|first=Clyde|last=Haberman|newspaper=New York Times|date=18 November 2020|access-date=26 February 2020}}</ref>

On 28 August 2023, the [[Chilean Supreme Court]] ratified the previous judicial resolutions. The retired Army Brigadier, [[Hernán Chacón Soto]], upon learning of the Supreme Court's now final and unappealable sentence, committed suicide the next day, before he could be arrested and taken to prison.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montes |first=Rocío |date=30 August 2023 |title=Retired Chilean Army brigadier takes own life after conviction for 1973 murder of Víctor Jara |url=https://english.elpais.com/international/2023-08-30/retired-chilean-army-brigadier-takes-own-life-after-conviction-for-1973-murder-of-victor-jara.html |access-date=12 September 2023 |website=EL PAÍS English |language=en-us}}</ref>

On 5 October 2023, Barrientos was arrested in [[Deltona, Florida]], during a traffic stop.<ref name=arrestedandrevoked>{{cite web |url=https://www.ice.gov/news/releases/hsi-space-coast-locates-arrests-chilean-wanted-torture-extrajudicial-killings|title=HSI Space Coast locates, arrests Chilean wanted for torture, extrajudicial killings|publisher=U.S. Immigration and Custom Enforcement|date=10 October 2023|accessdate=11 October 2023}}</ref><ref name=awaits /> His U.S. citizenship had been previously revoked by a U.S. Federal Court on 14 July 2023 after it was found that he willfully concealed material facts related to his military service.<ref name=arrestedandrevoked /><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.news-journalonline.com/restricted/?return=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news-journalonline.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fcrime%2F2023%2F07%2F19%2Fmurder-accusation-costs-deltona-man-u-s-citizenship%2F70423680007%2F | title=Daytona Beach News-Journal Online }}</ref><ref name=awaits />

On 9 November 2023, it was revealed that Barrientos was ordered to be extradited back to Chile.<ref name=extraditionset /> On 12 November 2023, Jara's widow Joan, who was a key witness in the 2016 civil trial against Barrientos and who also played a crucial role in raising awareness to Jara's murder, died.<ref name=joanjara>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/13/chile-joan-jara-dead-age-96|title=
Joan Jara, British dancer and Victor Jara's widow, dies aged 96|first=John|last=Bartlett|work=The Guardian|date=13 November 2023|accessdate=13 November 2023}}</ref> Barrientos was reportedly two weeks away from extradition at the time of her death.<ref name=joanjara /> 

It was first reported that Barrientos was scheduled to be [[extradited]] on 28 November 2023.<ref name=extradition>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2023/11/16/joan-jara-london-ballet-dancer-chile-pinochet/|title=Joan Jara, British dancer who fought for justice after her folk-singer husband was killed in Pinochet's Chile – obituary|publisher=The Telegraph|date=16 November 2023|accessdate=16 November 2023}}</ref><ref name=extraditionset>{{cite news|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/former-chilean-officer-arrested-victor-jara-murder-1234852114/|title=
Officer Arrested for Murder of Folk Legend Victor Jara to Be Extradited to Chile|first1=Daniel|last1=Kreps|first2=Tomás|last2=Mier|publisher=Rolling Stone|date=9 November 2023|accessdate=28 November 2023}}</ref> However, it was later claimed that the date for his departure from the United States was changed to 30 November 2023, with his arrival in Chile expected to be the next day on 1 December.<ref name=extraditionupdate>{{cite news|url=https://www.adnradio.cl/noticias/2023/11/23/expulsan-de-estados-unidos-a-pedro-barrientos-militar-r-procesado-por-el-crimen-de-victor-jara.html|title=Pedro Barrientos, soldier (r) prosecuted for the crime of Víctor Jara, is expelled from the United States|first=Ruth|last=Carcamo|publisher=ADN|date=23 November 2023|accessdate=28 November 2023}}</ref><ref name=defendant>{{cite news|url=https://www.elciudadano.com/chile/eeuu-expulsa-a-pedro-barrientos-y-lo-envia-a-chile-llega-en-calidad-de-procesado-por-el-asesinato-de-victor-jara-en-1973/11/23/|title=he US expels Pedro Barrientos and sends him to Chile: He arrives as a defendant for the murder of Víctor Jara in 1973|first=Absalón|last=Opazo|publisher=elciudadano.com|date=23 November 2023|accessdate=28 November 2023}}</ref> It was also revealed that upon his arrival in Chile, Barrientos would be immediately transferred into [[Investigations Police of Chile|PDI]] custody and will have [[defendant]] status.<ref name=extraditionupdate /><ref name=defendant /> His planned transfer to Chile would be confirmed by the nation's [[Supreme Court of Chile|Supreme Court]] on 30 November.<ref name=transferplan>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnnchile.com/pais/caso-victor-jara-asesino-pedro-barrientos_20231130/|title= Court confirmed that this Friday the former military man Pedro Barrientos, accused of killing Víctor Jara, will arrive in Chile|publisher=CNN Chile|date=30 November 2023|accessdate=1 December 2023}}</ref> However, lawyer Almudena Bernabeudue and an ICE spokesman revealed that due to the fact that Barrientos answered to immigration proceedings and was now an [[Undocumented immigrant population of the United States|undocumented illegal immigrant]], his departure from the United States would count as a [[deportation]] rather than an extradition.<ref name=deportation>{{cite news|url=https://cooperativa.cl/noticias/pais/dd-hh/exmilitar-pedro-barrientos-sera-deportado-como-un-indocumentado-segun/2023-12-01/005528.html|title=Ex-military Pedro Barrientos will be deported as an undocumented person, according to lawyer|author=EFE|publisher=Radio Cooperativa|date=1 December 2023|accessdate=1 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.diariolibre.com/usa/actualidad/2023/11/30/exmilitar-chileno-pedro-barrientos-sera-deportado-por-eeuu-a-chile/2538344|title=They assure that former Chilean soldier Pedro Barrientos will be deported to Chile, not extradited|author=[[EFE]]|publisher=Diario Libre|date=30 November 2023|accessdate=30 November 2023}}</ref> Barrientos would be deported back to Chile on 1 December 2023.<ref name=barrientosdeported /> Upon his return, Barrientos left escorted by PDI personnel and was transferred to the [[Peñalolén Military Police Battalion]], where he would remain in [[preventive detention]] as a defendant for his role in not only Jara's murder, but also the murder of the former director of prisons [[Littré Quiroga]].<ref name=pdiarrest />