Editing Utica, New York (section)

=== Industry and trade ===
[[File:Utica 1850s.jpg|right|thumb|alt=A black-and-white pencil drawing of a bustling, smoky, industrial city.|Bird's-eye view of Utica over Bagg's Square in the 1850s, showing the smoke from numerous factory chimneys]]
Utica's location on the Erie and Chenango canals encouraged industrial development, allowing the transport of [[anthracite]] coal from northeastern Pennsylvania for local manufacturing and distribution.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Interstate Commerce Commission Reports: Reports and Decisions of the Interstate Commerce Commission of the United States, Volume 59 |publisher=L.K. Strouse, United States Interstate Commerce Commission |location=[[Harvard University]] |page=142 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=NlAuAAAAYAAJ&rdid=book-NlAuAAAAYAAJ&rdot=1 |year=1921 |access-date=April 19, 2015 |archive-date=November 4, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104020924/https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=NlAuAAAAYAAJ&rdid=book-NlAuAAAAYAAJ&rdot=1 |url-status=live}}</ref> Utica's economy centered on the manufacture of furniture, heavy machinery, textiles and lumber.{{Sfn|Childs|1900|p=25}} The combined effects of the [[Embargo Act of 1807]] and local investment enabled further expansion of the textile industry.<ref>{{Cite book |title=History of Oneida County, New York: from 1700 to the present time |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofoneidac01cook |last=Cookinham |first=H. J. |publisher=Chicago: S.J. Clarke Publishing Company |year=1912 |location=New York Public Library}}</ref>

In addition to the canals, transport in Utica was bolstered by railroads running through the city. The first was the [[Mohawk and Hudson Rail Road]], which became the [[Utica and Schenectady Railroad]] in 1833. Its {{cvt|78|mi|adj=on}} connection between [[Schenectady, New York|Schenectady]] and Utica was developed in 1836 from the [[Right-of-way (transportation)|right-of-way]] previously used by the Mohawk and Hudson railroad.{{Sfn|Childs|1900|pp=56–57}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Railroad Wars of New York State |publisher=The History Press |date=2012 |isbn=978-1-6094-9727-9 |first=Timothy |last=Starr |page=80}}</ref> Later lines, such as the [[Syracuse and Utica Railroad]], merged with the Utica and Schenectady to form the [[New York Central Railroad]], which originated as a 19th-century [[forest railway]] of the [[Adirondacks]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Logging Railroads of the Adirondacks |publisher=Syracuse University Press |date=2006 |isbn=978-0-8156-0794-6 |first=Bill |last=Gove |pages=71–75}}</ref>

In the early 1800s, [[William Williams (printer and publisher)|William Williams]] and his partner published Utica's first newspaper, ''The Utica Club'', from their printing shop on Genesee Street. In 1817 Williams also published Utica's first directory.<ref name=bagg164>[[#bagg1877|Bagg, 1877]], pp. 164</ref><ref name=malone294>[[#malone1931|Malone, Vol. X, 1931]], p. 294</ref> Utica went on to become a printing and publishing center, with many newspapers.<ref name=Dannpassionate>{{cite book
|title=Passionate Energies. The Gerrit and Ann Smith Family of Peterboro, New York Through a Century of Reform
|authorlink=Norman Dann
|first=Norman Kingsford
|last=Dann
|year=2021
|isbn=9781733089111
|location=[[Hamilton, New York]]
|publisher=Log Cabin Books}}</ref>{{rp|18}}