Editing Uncle Tom (section)

=== 20th-century Black cultural critique ===
[[Spike Lee]]'s 2000 film ''[[Bamboozled]]'' was a dark modern [[satire]] or [[comedy drama]] that challenges this kind of negative stereotyping. The film featured popular Black actors such as [[Damon Wayans]] as Pierre "Peerless Dothan" Delacroix and [[Jada Pinkett Smith]] as Sloan Hopkins, comedians such as [[Tommy Davidson]] as Womack "Sleep 'n Eat" and [[Paul Mooney (comedian)|Paul Mooney]] as Junebug, and hip hop artists such as Yasiin Bey formerly known as [[Mos Def]] as Julius "Big Blak Afrika" Hopkins and [[The Roots]] as the Alabama [[List of ethnic slurs|Porchmonkeys]]. Lee's use of popular celebrities as satirical stock characters challenged long-held stereotypes of Black people in mainstream popular culture from novels to the screen. Casting hip-hop artists also allowed the filmmaker to allude to the role of [[Stereotypes of African Americans|negative stereotyping]] [[gangsta rap]] in the early aughts: "Spike Lee says in the DVD commentary [about ''Bamboozled''] that gangsta rap is a kind of stereotype that doesn't advance the interests of blacks. He reiterated this position at his talk at Northeastern."<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Slaner |first1=Stephen E. |last2=Clyne |first2=Sandra |date=2008 |title=The use of Spike Lee's Bamboozled to promote difficult dialogues on race |url=https://www.academia.edu/4850399 |journal=Human Architecture: Journal of the Sociology of Self-Knowledge |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=13 |via=Google Scholar}}</ref>

''Bamboozled'' challenges notions of "Uncle Toming" or "acting white" as well as demonstrating the concept of [[Double consciousness|double-consciousness]] coined by the notable sociologist [[W. E. B. Du Bois]] in his book ''[[The Souls of Black Folk]]'' (1903).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bolt |first=Julie |date=2006 |title=Bamboozled |url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/f8f72b6acbbe8be3d1ce5095b459b5c1/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=46720 |journal=Radical Teacher |volume=75 |page=42 |id={{ProQuest| }}}}</ref> 

Also see the [[Emmy Awards|Emmy Award]]-winning 1987 documentary film [[Ethnic Notions]] by Black gay filmmaker [[Marlon Riggs]] narrated by actor [[Esther Rolle]]. The documentary narrates the history and legacy of the dehumanizing effects of African-American stereotypes and racializing caricatures<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Grant |first=Nancy |date=1987 |title=Review of Ethnic Notions |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1902247 |journal=The Journal of American History |volume=74 |issue=3 |pages=1107–1109 |doi=10.2307/1902247 |jstor=1902247 |issn=0021-8723}}</ref> from the "Loyal Uncle Tom" to grinning fools (see Stepin Fetchit) in cartoons, minstrel shows, advertisements, household artifacts, and even children's rhymes.<ref>Riggs, Marlon, and Esther Rolle. [https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/36203 "Ethnic notions"], Cornell University Library. eCommons: Open scholarship at Cornell (2012)</ref>