Editing Ulysses (novel) (section)

===Joyce and Shakespeare===

After [[Homer]]'s ''[[Odyssey]]'', the literary work ''Ulysses'' parallels most closely is Shakespeare's ''[[Hamlet]]''. The play is mentioned in "[[#Episode 1, "Telemachus"|Telemachus]]". ''Hamlet'' is a symbol in the [[Linati schema for Ulysses|Linati schema]]. In [[#Episode 9, "Scylla and Charybdis"|the Library episode]], [[Stephen Dedalus]] puts forth a theory of ''Hamlet'' based on 12 lectures, now lost, that Joyce gave in Trieste in 1912.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Quillian |first1=William H. |title=Shakespeare in Trieste: Joyce's 1912 'Hamlet' Lectures |journal=James Joyce Quarterly |date=Fall 1974 |volume=12 |issue=1/2 |pages=7–63 |url=https://jjq.utulsa.edu/ |access-date=9 March 2024}}</ref> Chief among the implied parallels with ''Ulysses'' are Shakespeare and Joyce, [[King Hamlet]] and [[Leopold Bloom]], and [[Prince Hamlet]] and Stephen.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Blamires |first1=Harry |title=The Bloomsday Book: A Guide through Joyce's "Ulyssses" |date=1966 |publisher=Methuen |pages=83–84 |url=https://archive.org/details/bloomsdaybook0000blam/page/n5/mode/2up}}</ref>

According to Stephen, Shakespeare has a double presence in ''Hamlet''. The king is the mature Shakespeare; the prince is Shakespeare as a young man.{{sfn|Blamires|1966|pp=83–84}} Stephen's insistence on Shakespeare's double presence in ''Hamlet'' hints at Joyce's double presence in ''Ulysses''.{{sfn|Blamires|1966|p=83}} Bloom is the mature Joyce; Stephen is Joyce as a young man.{{sfn|Lang|1993|p=81}} Other parallels with ''Hamlet'' include Gertrude and Molly Bloom, Claudius and Buck Mulligan, and Claudius and Blazes Boylan.{{sfn|Tindall|1959|p=176}}

Like Shakespeare, Dante was a major influence on Joyce.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Reynolds |first1=Mary T. |title=Joyce and Dante: The Shaping Imagination |date=1981 |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton, NJ |isbn=978-0-691-06446-8 |pages=passim |url=https://archive.org/details/joycedanteshapin0000mary/page/n9/mode/2up?view=theater |access-date=24 February 2024}}</ref> It has been argued that the interrelationship of Joyce, Dedalus, and Bloom is defined in the [[Incarnation (Christianity)|Incarnation]] doctrines Stephen lists in "Telemachus".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lang |first1=Frederick K. |title="Ulysses" and the Irish God |date=1993 |publisher=Bucknell University Press, Associated University Presses |location=Lewisburg, London, Toronto |isbn=0838751504 |pages=67–91 |url=https://archive.org/details/ulyssesirishgod0000lang/page/n5/mode/2up?view=theater |access-date=25 February 2024}}</ref>