Editing Uluru (section)

===Arrival of Europeans (1870s)===
Europeans arrived in the Australian [[Western Desert cultural bloc|Western Desert]] in the 1870s. Uluru and Kata Tjuta were first mapped by Europeans in 1872 during the expeditionary period, which was made possible by the construction of the [[Australian Overland Telegraph Line]]. In separate expeditions, [[Ernest Giles]] and [[William Gosse (explorer)|William Gosse]] were the first European explorers to this area. While exploring the area in 1872, Giles sighted Kata Tjuta from a location near [[Kings Canyon (Northern Territory)|Kings Canyon]] and called it Mount Olga, while the following year Gosse observed Uluru and named it Ayers' Rock, in honour of the [[Chief Secretary of South Australia]], Sir [[Henry Ayers]].{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}

Further explorations followed with the aim of establishing the possibilities of the area for [[pastoralism]]. In the late 19th century, pastoralists attempted to establish themselves in areas adjoining the Southwestern/Petermann Reserve and interaction between Aṉangu and white people became more frequent and more violent. Due to the effects of grazing and drought, [[bush food]] stores became depleted. Competition for these resources created conflict between the two groups, resulting in more frequent police patrols. Later, during the [[Great Depression in Australia|depression in the 1930s]], Aṉangu became involved in [[dingo]] scalping with 'doggers' who introduced the Aṉangu to European foods and ways.{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}