Editing Ukraine (section)

=== Foreign domination ===
<!-- 1349–1914 -->
{{further|Kiev Voivodeship}}
{{See also|Grand Duchy of Lithuania|Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Crimean Khanate|Ottoman Empire|Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Russian Empire}}
[[File:Rzeczpospolita2nar.png|thumb|The [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] at its maximum extent in 1619, superimposed on modern borders. [[Poland]] and the [[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Polish Crown]] exercised power over much of Ukraine after [[Union of Lublin|1569]].
<br />
{{legend inline|#f59497|[[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland]]}}<br />
{{legend inline|#f693c8|[[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]}}<br />
{{legend inline|#787878|[[Duchy of Livonia]]}}<br />
{{legend inline|#c8c8c8|[[Duchy of Prussia]], Polish [[fief]]}}<br />
{{legend inline|#9661c7|[[Duchy of Courland and Semigallia]], Commonwealth fief}}
]]

In 1349, in the aftermath of the [[Galicia–Volhynia Wars]], the region was partitioned between the [[Kingdom of Poland]] and the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]].<ref name="rowell266">{{cite book |title=Lithuania Ascending: A Pagan Empire Within East-Central Europe, 1295–1345 |first=C. S. |last=Rowell |year=1994 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |series=Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought: Fourth Series |isbn=9780521450119}}</ref> From the mid-13th century to the late 1400s, the [[Republic of Genoa]] founded numerous [[colonies]] on the northern coast of the Black Sea and transformed these into large commercial centres headed by the consul, a representative of the Republic.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 February 2018 |script-title=ru:Генуэзские колонии в Одесской области – Бизнес-портал Измаила |title=Genuezskiye kolonii v Odesskoy oblasti – Biznes-portal Izmaila |trans-title=Genoese colonies in the Odesa region – Izmail's business portal |language=ru |url=http://izm-biz.info/genuezskie-kolonii-v-odesskoj-oblasti/ |access-date=17 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205001115/http://izm-biz.info/genuezskie-kolonii-v-odesskoj-oblasti/ |archive-date=5 February 2018}}</ref> In 1430, the region of [[Podolia]] was incorporated into Poland, and the lands of modern-day Ukraine became increasingly settled by [[Polish people|Poles]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Plokhy |first=Serhii |date=2017 |title=The Gates of Europe: A History of Ukraine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pm-QDQAAQBAJ&dq=podolia+1430&pg=PT87 |location=New York |publisher=[[Basic Books]] |isbn=9780465050918}}</ref> In 1441, [[Genghisid]] prince [[Haci I Giray]] founded the [[Crimean Khanate]] on the [[Crimean Peninsula]] and the surrounding steppes;<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://radiolemberg.com/ua-articles/ua-allarticles/a-history-of-ukraine-episode-33-the-crimean-khanate-and-its-permanent-invasions-of-ukraine |title=A History of Ukraine. Episode 33. The Crimean Khanate and Its Permanent Invasions of Ukraine |author=Radio Lemberg |website=radiolemberg.com |access-date=26 September 2019 |archive-date=12 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200512145419/http://radiolemberg.com/ua-articles/ua-allarticles/a-history-of-ukraine-episode-33-the-crimean-khanate-and-its-permanent-invasions-of-ukraine |url-status=dead}}</ref> the Khanate orchestrated [[Tatars|Tatar]] [[Crimean–Nogai slave raids in Eastern Europe|slave raids]]. Over the next three centuries, the [[Crimean slave trade]] would enslave an estimated two million in the region.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kizilov |first=Mikhail |date=2007 |title=Slaves, Money Lenders, and Prisoner Guards: The Jews and the Trade in Slaves and Captives in the Crimean Khanate |url=https://www.academia.edu/3706285 |journal=Journal of Jewish Studies |volume=58 |issue=2 |pages=189–210 |doi=10.18647/2730/JJS-2007 |issn=0022-2097}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=İnalcik |first=Halil |title=The Mutual Effects of the Islamic and Judeo-Christian Worlds: The East European Pattern |publisher=Brooklyn College Press |year=1979 |isbn=978-0-93088800-8 |editor1-last=Ascher |editor1-first=Abraham |location=New York, NY |pages=25–43 |contribution=Servile Labour in the Ottoman Empire |author-link=Halil İnalcık |editor2-last=Király |editor2-first=Béla K. |editor3-last=Halasi-Kun |editor3-first=Tibor |contribution-url=http://coursesa.matrix.msu.edu/~fisher/hst373/readings/inalcik6.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504102244/http://coursesa.matrix.msu.edu/~fisher/hst373/readings/inalcik6.html |archive-date=4 May 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 1569, the [[Union of Lublin]] established the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]], and most of the Ukrainian lands were transferred from Lithuania to the [[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland]], becoming ''[[de jure]]'' Polish territory. Under the pressures of [[Polonisation]], many landed gentry of Ruthenia converted to [[Roman Catholicism|Catholicism]] and joined the circles of the [[Polish nobility]]; others joined the newly created [[Ruthenian Uniate Church]].<ref>Subtelny, pp. 92–93</ref>