Editing Turpentine (section)

==Industrial and other end uses==

===Solvent===
As a solvent, turpentine is used for thinning oil-based [[paint]]s, for producing [[varnish]]es, and as a raw material for the chemical industry. Its use as a solvent in industrialized nations has largely been replaced by the much cheaper [[turpentine substitute]]s obtained from [[petroleum]] such as [[white spirit]]. A solution of turpentine and [[beeswax]] or [[carnauba wax]] has long been used as a furniture wax.

===Lighting===
Spirits of turpentine, called [[camphine]], was burned in lamps with glass chimneys in the 1830s through the 1860s. Turpentine blended with [[grain alcohol]] was known as burning fluid. Both were used as domestic lamp fuels, gradually replacing [[whale oil]], until [[kerosene]], [[gas lighting]] and [[electric lights]] began to predominate.

===Source of organic compounds===
Turpentine is also used as a source of raw materials in the synthesis of fragrant chemical compounds. Commercially used [[camphor]], [[linalool]], [[terpineol|alpha-terpineol]], and [[geraniol]] are all usually produced from [[alpha-pinene]] and [[beta-pinene]], which are two of the chief chemical components of turpentine. These pinenes are separated and purified by distillation. The mixture of [[diterpene]]s and [[triterpene]]s that is left as residue after turpentine distillation is sold as [[rosin]].

===Niche uses===
* Turpentine is also added to many cleaning and sanitary products due to its [[antiseptic]] properties and its "clean scent". 
* In early 19th-century America, spirits of turpentine ([[camphine]]) was burned in lamps as a cheap alternative to [[whale oil]]. It produced a bright light but had a strong odour.<ref>{{cite web | author=Charles H. Haswell | title=Reminiscences of New York By an Octogenarian (1816 - 1860) | url=https://www.jmisc.net/octo/octo-17.htm | access-date=2008-10-07 | archive-date=2008-07-24 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724111316/https://www.jmisc.net/octo/octo-17.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> Camphine and [[Camphine|burning fluid]] (a mix of alcohol and turpentine) served as the dominant lamp fuels replacing whale oil until the advent of [[kerosene]], [[electric lights]] and [[gas lighting]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/economy/this-post-is-hopelessly-long-w|title=The "Whale Oil Myth"|date=20 August 2008|website=PBS NewsHour|access-date=25 March 2018|archive-date=10 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510142257/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/economy/this-post-is-hopelessly-long-w|url-status=live}}</ref>  
* [[Honda]] motorcycles, first manufactured in 1946, ran on a blend of gasoline and turpentine, due to the scarcity of gasoline in Japan following [[World War II]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Honda History | url=https://smokeriders.com/History/Honda_History/body_honda_history.html | publisher=Smokeriders.com | access-date=2009-09-17 | archive-date=2009-04-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090428051223/https://smokeriders.com/History/Honda_History/body_honda_history.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The French [[Emeraude (rocket)|Emeraude rocket]] uses a similar fuel mixture.<ref name="Huon">{{cite book |id=AEE |title=Ariane: Une Épopée Européenne |page=45 |last1=Huon |first1=William |publisher=ETAI |date=2007 |location=Boulogne-Billancourt, France |isbn=9782726887097 |oclc=422135584 |lccn=2008398197 }}</ref> Turpentine has also been researched as a potential biofuel for mixing into gasoline.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Arpa |first1=O. |last2=Yumrutas |first2=R. |last3=Alma |first3=M.H. |title=Effects of turpentine and gasoline-like fuel obtained from waste lubrication oil on engine performance and exhaust emission |journal=Energy |date=September 2010 |volume=35 |issue=9 |pages=3603–3613 |doi=10.1016/j.energy.2010.04.050|bibcode=2010Ene....35.3603A }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Knuuttila |first1=Pekka |title=Wood sulphate turpentine as a gasoline bio-component |journal=Fuel |date=February 2013 |volume=104 |pages=101–108 |doi=10.1016/j.fuel.2012.06.036|bibcode=2013Fuel..104..101K }}</ref>
* In his book ''[[All Creatures Great and Small (franchise)|If Only They Could Talk]]'', veterinarian and author [[James Herriot]] describes the use of the reaction of turpentine with [[Sublimation (phase transition)|resublimed]] iodine to "drive the iodine into the tissue", or perhaps just impress the watching customer with a spectacular treatment (a dense cloud of purple smoke).<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Only-They-Could-Talk-Collectors-ebook/dp/B008I33ZWQ/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1530212880&sr=8-1&keywords=if+only+they+could+talk|title=If Only They Could Talk|date=28 June 2012|access-date=28 June 2018|via=www.amazon.co.uk|archive-date=13 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213010934/https://www.amazon.co.uk/Only-They-Could-Talk-Collectors-ebook/dp/B008I33ZWQ/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1530212880&sr=8-1&keywords=if+only+they+could+talk|url-status=live}}, summarised at {{cite web|url=https://jamesherriotbooks.blogspot.com/2008/08/if-only-they-could-talk-ch-3.html/|title=James Herriot Books|access-date=28 June 2018}}{{Dead link|date=February 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>