Editing Turku (section)

===Russian era===
[[File:Robert Wilhelm Ekman - Great Fire of Turku.jpg|thumb|left|upright|''[[Great Fire of Turku]]'', a painting by [[R. W. Ekman]]]]
[[File:Turku 1842 - Henrik Cajander.jpg|thumb|right|A [[daguerreotype]] photograph of the Nobel House, the first photograph taken in Finland, from 1842]]

After the [[Finnish War]], Sweden ceded Finland to [[Russian Empire|Imperial Russia]] at the [[Treaty of Fredrikshamn]] in 1809. There was no resistance of any kind in Turku when the Russians marched into the city in October 1809 in connection with the Finnish War. Despite the occupation, life in Turku continued peacefully. The Court of Appeal of Turku continued its session when the Russians arrived, and later in the spring [[Jacob Tengström]], the [[List of bishops of Turku|Archbishop of Turku and Finland]], and the teaching staff of the Turku Academy swore an oath of loyalty to their new ruler.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www05.turku.fi/turkuinfo/historia/hist_silmays.html |title=Turku Suomen pääkaupunkina |publisher=City of Turku |date=2005 |access-date=17 February 2023 |language=fi |archive-date=23 May 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120523222801/http://www05.turku.fi/turkuinfo/historia/hist_silmays.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Turku became briefly the official capital,<ref name="finland-portrait"/> but soon lost the status to Helsinki, as Emperor [[Alexander I of Russia|Alexander I]] felt that Turku was too far from Russia and too aligned with Sweden to serve as the capital of the [[Grand Duchy of Finland]]. The change officially took place in 1812. The government offices that remained in Turku were finally moved to the new capital after the [[Great Fire of Turku]], which destroyed a large portion of the city in 1827.<ref name="finland-portrait"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Information about Turku |work=InfoFinland |publisher=City of Helsinki |date=5 November 2019 |access-date=20 April 2021 |url=https://www.infofinland.fi/en/turku/information-about-turku |language=en |archive-date=7 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307114840/https://www.infofinland.fi/en/turku/information-about-turku |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="turku-liekki"/> After the fire, a new and safer city plan was drawn up by German architect [[Carl Ludvig Engel]], who had also designed the new capital, Helsinki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Engel, Carl Ludvig (1778–1840) |last=Lilius |first=Henrik |work=Kansallisbiografia |publisher=SKS |date=24 August 2020 |access-date=20 April 2021 |url=https://kansallisbiografia.fi/kansallisbiografia/henkilo/3213 |language=fi |archive-date=9 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109153416/https://kansallisbiografia.fi//kansallisbiografia/henkilo/3213 |url-status=live }}</ref> The new city plan, based on a regular [[grid plan]], was more spacious and fire-safe than before,<ref>{{cite book |last=Kallioniemi |first=Jouni |title=Kaikkien aikojen Turku |year=1992 |publisher=Kirjatorni |language=fi }}</ref> and after the reconstruction, Turku was one of the most unified architecture in Europe.<ref name="turku-liekki">{{cite web |url=http://www.turunsanomat.fi/sunnuntai/?ts=1,3:1012:0:0,4:12:0:1:2002-09-01,104:12:120190,1:0:0:0:0:0: |title=Kun Turku hukkui liekkeihin |work=[[Turun Sanomat]] |date=1 September 2002 |access-date=17 February 2023 |language=fi}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Turku remained the largest city in Finland for another twenty years.

In the middle of the 19th century, Turku was, after Helsinki, the most important craft city in Finland, but the [[Industrial Revolution]] with [[Steam engine|steam]] and [[electric machine]]s was experienced in Turku only around 1900. The [[First World War]] provided a boost to the city's industry, as the export difficulties affected the [[wood industry]], which Turku didn't have much of, and it was easy to get much-needed raw materials from neutral Sweden.<ref>{{cite book |first=Eino |last=Jutikkala |title=Turun kaupungin historia 1856–1917 |year=1957 |pages=73–150 |location=Turku |publisher=Turun sanomalehti ja kirjapaino osakeyhtiö |language=fi }}</ref>