Editing Turkish language (section)

== Geographic distribution ==
{{see also|Turkish diaspora}}
[[File:TurkishLanguageFinal.png|thumb|309x309px|{{legend|#0081ff|Regions where Turkish is the language of the majority.}}{{Legend|#5daeff|Regions where Turkish is the language of the majority alongside a significant minority language.}}{{legend|#b5d9fd|Regions where Turkish is a minority language.}}]]
Turkish is natively spoken by the [[Turkish people]] in Turkey and by the [[Turkish diaspora]] in some 30 other countries. The Turkish language is mutually intelligible with [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]]. In particular, Turkish-speaking minorities exist in countries that formerly (in whole or part) belonged to the [[Ottoman Empire]], such as Iraq,{{r|iraq}} Bulgaria, [[Cyprus]], Greece (primarily in [[Western Thrace]]), the [[Republic of North Macedonia]], Romania, and Serbia. More than two million Turkish speakers live in Germany; and there are significant Turkish-speaking communities in the United States, France, the Netherlands, Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.<ref name=e25/> Due to the [[cultural assimilation]] of Turkish immigrants in host countries, not all ethnic members of the diaspora speak the language with native fluency.{{efn|See for example citations given in Cindark, Ibrahim/Aslan, Sema (2004).<ref>[http://pub.ids-mannheim.de/autoren/ids/cindarkibrahim.html Deutschlandtürkisch?] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130412080152/http://pub.ids-mannheim.de/autoren/ids/cindarkibrahim.html |date=2013-04-12 }}. Institut für Deutsche Sprache, page 3.</ref>}}

[[File:IKEABerlin.JPG|thumb|right|upright|An advertisement by the [[IKEA]] branch in [[Berlin]] written in the German and Turkish languages.]]

In 2005, 93% of the population of Turkey were native speakers of Turkish,<ref name="Eurobarometer Languages">{{cite web |title= Special Eurobarometer 243: Europeans and their Languages (Survey) |publisher= [[Europa (web portal)|Europa]] |author= European Commission |year= 2006 |url= http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_243_en.pdf |access-date= 2010-02-14 |author-link= European Commission |archive-date= 2016-04-14 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160414102658/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_243_en.pdf |url-status= live }}</ref> about 67 million at the time, with [[Kurdish languages]] making up most of the remainder.<ref name="e25">{{e25|kmr|Kurdish, Northern}}</ref>

[[Azerbaijani language]], official in Azerbaijan, is [[mutually intelligible]] with Turkish and speakers of both languages can understand them without noticeable difficulty, especially when discussion comes on ordinary, daily language. Turkey has very good relations with Azerbaijan, with a multitude of Turkish companies and authorities investing there, while the influence of Turkey in the country is very high. The rising presence of this very similar language in Azerbaijan and the fact that many children use Turkish words instead of Azerbaijani words due to satellite TV has caused concern that the distinctive features of the language will be eroded. Many bookstores sell books in Turkish language along Azerbaijani language ones, with Agalar Mahmadov, a leading intellectual, voicing his concern that Turkish language has "already started to take over the national and natural dialects of Azerbaijan". However, the presence of Turkish as foreign language is not as high as Russian.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eurasianet.org/azerbaijan-grapples-with-the-rise-of-turkish-language|title=Azerbaijan Grapples With the Rise of Turkish Language|website=[[Eurasianet]]|language=en|accessdate=2022-08-18|date=2017-02-28|first=Durna|last=Safarova|archive-date=2022-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023093328/https://eurasianet.org/azerbaijan-grapples-with-the-rise-of-turkish-language|url-status=live}}</ref> In Uzbekistan, the second most populated Turkic country, a new TV channel ''Foreign Languages TV'' was established in 2022. This channel has been broadcasting Turkish lessons along with English, French, German and Russian lessons.

=== Official status ===
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = horizontal
| image1 = Welcome sign to the village of Çardağlı.jpg
| width1 = 160
| image2 = Prizren (3DilliTabela).jpg
| width2 = 280
| footer = Left: Bilingual sign, Turkish (top) and [[Arabic language|Arabic]] (bottom), at a Turkmen village in [[Kirkuk Governorate]], [[Iraq]].<br/>Right: Road signs in [[Prizren]], [[Kosovo]]. Official languages are: [[Albanian language|Albanian]] (top), [[Serbian language|Serbian]] (middle) and Turkish (bottom).
}}

Turkish is the official language of [[Turkey]] and is one of the official languages of [[Cyprus]]. Turkish has official status in 38 municipalities in [[Kosovo]], including Mamusha,{{r|kosovo}}{{r|sabah-kosovo}}, two in the [[Republic of North Macedonia]] and two in [[Iraq]].<ref name="CIA">{{cite web | url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2098.html#mk | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004519/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2098.html#mk | url-status= dead | archive-date= June 13, 2007 | publisher= [[CIA World Factbook]] | title= Official regional languages| year= 2002 | access-date= 2016-02-10}}</ref><ref name=guclu/> [[Cyprus]] has requested the [[European Union]] to add Turkish as an official language, as it is one of the two official languages of the country.{{r|cyprus-eu}}

In Turkey, the regulatory body for Turkish is the [[Turkish Language Association]] (''Türk Dil Kurumu'' or TDK), which was founded in 1932 under the name ''Türk Dili Tetkik Cemiyeti'' ("Society for Research on the Turkish Language"). The Turkish Language Association was influenced by the ideology of [[linguistic purism]]: indeed one of its primary tasks was the replacement of loanwords and of foreign grammatical constructions with equivalents of Turkish origin.{{efn|The name TDK itself exemplifies this process. The words ''tetkik'' and ''cemiyet'' in the original name are both Arabic loanwords (the final ''-i'' of ''cemiyeti'' being a Turkish possessive suffix); ''kurum'' is a native Turkish word based on the verb ''kurmak'', "set up, found".{{citation needed|date= July 2014}}}} These changes, together with the adoption of the new [[Turkish alphabet]] in 1928, shaped the [[#Language reform and modern Turkish|modern Turkish language]] spoken today. The TDK became an independent body in 1951, with the lifting of the requirement that it should be presided over by the Minister of Education. This status continued until August 1983, when it was again made into a governmental body in the [[Constitution of Turkey|constitution of 1982]], following the military [[1980 Turkish coup d'état|coup d'état of 1980]].<ref name="TDK History">{{cite web|author= Turkish Language Association|author-link= Turkish Language Association|url= http://www.tdk.gov.tr/TR/BelgeGoster.aspx?F6E10F8892433CFFAAF6AA849816B2EF2858DA18F4388CDD|title= Türk Dil Kurumu – Tarihçe (History of the Turkish Language Association)|access-date= 2007-03-18 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070316024438/http://www.tdk.gov.tr/TR/BelgeGoster.aspx?F6E10F8892433CFFAAF6AA849816B2EF2858DA18F4388CDD | archive-date = March 16, 2007 |url-status = dead|language= tr}}</ref>