Editing Turkey (bird) (section)

==History==
{{redirect|History of turkeys|the country's history|History of Turkey}}
[[File:Animal figures in the Maya codices (Plate 16) BHL41003948.jpg|thumb|upright|Depiction of ocellated turkeys in [[Maya codices]] according to the 1910 book, ''Animal figures in the Maya codices'' by [[Alfred Tozzer]] and [[Glover Morrill Allen]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tozzer |first1=Alfred M. |last2=Allen |first2=Glover M. |title=Animal figures in the Maya codices |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41003878 |access-date=25 November 2021 |archive-date=25 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125190849/https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41003878 |url-status=live }}</ref>]]

Turkeys were likely first domesticated in [[Pre-Columbian Mexico]], where they held a cultural and symbolic importance.<ref name="Turkey 2019">"Turkey." ''Britannica Library'', Encyclopædia Britannica, 13 Feb. 2019. Accessed 25 May 2022.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sciencealert.com/humans-weren-t-always-after-turkey-meat|title=Study Shows That Humans Domesticated Turkeys For Worshipping, Not Eating|first=David|last=Nield|website=sciencealert.com|date=18 January 2018 |access-date=21 January 2018|archive-date=22 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422172943/https://www.sciencealert.com/humans-weren-t-always-after-turkey-meat|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Classical Nahuatl]] word for the turkey, {{lang|nah|huehxōlō-tl}} ({{lang|es|guajolote}} in Spanish), is still used in modern Mexico, in addition to the general term {{lang|es|pavo}}. Mayan aristocrats and priests appear to have had a special connection to ocellated turkeys, with [[ideogram]]s of those birds appearing in Mayan manuscripts.<ref>Andrew F. Smith. ''The Turkey : AN AMERICAN STORY''. University of Illinois Press, 2006. (p. 5) Accessed 25 May 2022.</ref> Spanish chroniclers, including [[Bernal Díaz del Castillo]] and Father [[Bernardino de Sahagún]], describe the multitude of food (both raw fruits and vegetables as well as prepared dishes) that were offered in the vast markets ({{lang|es|[[tianguis]]}}) of [[Tenochtitlán]], noting there were [[tamale]]s made of turkeys, iguanas, chocolate, vegetables, fruits and more.{{Citation needed|date=May 2022}}

Turkeys were first [[Columbian exchange|exported to Europe]] via Spain around 1519, where they gained immediate popularity among the aristocratic classes.<ref>Andrew F. Smith. ''The Turkey : AN AMERICAN STORY''. University of Illinois Press, 2006. Accessed 25 May 2022.</ref> Turkeys arrived in England in 1541. From there, English settlers brought turkeys to North America during the 17th century.<ref name="Turkey 2019"/>

=== Destruction and re-introduction in the United States ===
In what is now the United States, there were an estimated 10 million turkeys in the 17th century. By the 1930s, only 30,000 remained.<ref name="strib2022">{{cite web|url=https://www.startribune.com/wild-turkeys-minnesota-extinction-endangered-species-conservation-success/600223880/|title=The fall and rise of Minnesota's wild turkeys|first=Greg|last=Stanley|website=[[Star Tribune]]|access-date=21 November 2022|archive-date=21 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121192314/https://www.startribune.com/wild-turkeys-minnesota-extinction-endangered-species-conservation-success/600223880/|url-status=live}}</ref> In the 1960s and 1970s, biologists started trapping wild turkeys from the few places they remained (including the Ozarks<ref name="strib2022"/> and New York<ref name="audobon2018">{{cite web|url=https://www.audubon.org/news/how-wild-turkeys-took-over-new-england|title=How Wild Turkeys Took Over New England|first=Brianna|last=Abbott|date=20 November 2018|access-date=21 November 2022|archive-date=21 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121193815/https://www.audubon.org/news/how-wild-turkeys-took-over-new-england|url-status=live}}</ref>), and re-introducing them into other states, including Minnesota<ref name="strib2022"/> and Vermont.<ref name="audobon2018"/> Starting in 2014, researchers sent a survey to wildlife biologists in the National Wild Turkey Federation Technical Committee across the U.S. states to gather data regarding the population of turkeys. As of 2019, the wild turkey population declined by around 3% since 2014. Also as of 2019, the number of wild turkey hunters decreased by 18% since 2014 from the reports of the participating U.S. states. The 2019 data for population was missing information from 12 states and the 2019 hunter data was missing information from 8 states.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Chamberlain |first1=Michael J. |last2=Hatfield |first2=Mark |last3=Collier |first3=Bret A. |date=2022 |title=Status and distribution of wild turkeys in the United States in 2019 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wsb.1287 |journal=Wildlife Society Bulletin |language=en |volume=46 |issue=2 |doi=10.1002/wsb.1287 |s2cid=248933133 |issn=2328-5540}}</ref>