Editing Tug of war (section)

==Regional variations==

===Burma (Myanmar)===
In [[Myanmar]] (Burma), the tug of war, called {{lang|my-latn|lun hswe}} ({{linktext|လွန်ဆွဲ}}; {{IPA|my|lʊ̀ɰ̃ sʰwɛ́|pron}}) has both cultural and historical origins. It features as an important ritual in {{lang|my-latn|[[phongyibyan]]}}, the ceremonial cremation of high-ranking [[Buddhist monk]]s, whereby the funerary pyres are tugged between opposite sides. The tug of war is also used as a traditional [[Rainmaking (ritual)|rainmaking]] custom, called {{lang|my-latn|mo khaw}} ({{linktext|မိုးခေါ်}}; {{IPA|my|mó kʰɔ̀|pron}}), to encourage rain. The tradition originated during the reign of King Shinmahti in the [[Bagan Era]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mmtimes.com/gallery/tug-war-rain.html|title=Tug of War for Rain|website=The Myanmar Times|language=en|access-date=2019-05-31|date=2019-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531064552/https://www.mmtimes.com/gallery/tug-war-rain.html|archive-date=2019-05-31|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Rakhine people]] also hold tug of war ceremonies called {{lang|my-latn|yatha hswe pwe}} ({{lang|my|ရထားဆွဲပွဲ}}) during the Burmese month of [[Tabodwe]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.moi.gov.mm/npe:zg/?q=news/8/02/2017/id-41925|title=ရခိုင်ရိုးရာ ရထားဆွဲပွဲ ပျော်ပျော်ရွှင်ရွှင်တူဆင်နွှဲ|last=ကံထွန်း|date=2017-08-02|work=Myanmar Ministry of Information|access-date=2021-12-22|archive-date=2020-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728131157/https://www.moi.gov.mm/npe:zg/?q=news%2F8%2F02%2F2017%2Fid-41925|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Indonesia ===
[[File:Perayaan HUT RI ke-66 (66).JPG|thumb|A tug of war game taking place during the celebrations of the [[Independence Day (Indonesia)|Indonesian Independence Day]]]]
In [[Indonesia]], {{lang|id|Tarik Tambang}} is a popular sport held in many events, such as the [[Independence Day (Indonesia)|Indonesian Independence Day]] celebration, school events, and scout events. The rope used is called {{lang|id|dadung}}, made from fibers of {{lang|id|lar}} between two jousters. Two [[cinder blocks]] are placed a distance apart and the two jousters stand upon the blocks with a rope stretched between them. The objective for each jouster is to either a) cause their opponent to fall off their block, or b) to take their opponent's end of the rope from them.<ref>{{citation |title=Maximum Middle School Physical Education |author=Mary Hirt, Irene Ramos |chapter=Rope Jousting |page=144 |year=2008 |publisher=Human Kinetics |isbn=978-0-7360-5779-0}}</ref>

=== Japan ===
[[File:Naha Tug of War.jpg|thumb|Naha's annual Otsunahiki (giant tug of war) has its roots in a centuries-old local custom. It is the biggest among Japan's traditional tugs of war.]]
In [[Japan]], the {{nihongo|tug of war|綱引き|tsunahiki}} is a staple of school sports festivals. The tug of war is also a traditional way to pray for a plentiful harvest throughout Japan and is a popular ritual around the country. The Kariwano Tug of war in [[Daisen, Akita]], is said to be more than 500 years old, and is also a national folklore cultural asset.<ref>[http://cgi2.nhk.or.jp/michi/cgi/detail.cgi?dasID=D0004200024_00000　Kariwano Ootsunahiki] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526202339/http://cgi2.nhk.or.jp/michi/cgi/detail.cgi?dasID=D0004200024_00000 |date=2015-05-26 }} NHK</ref> The Underwater Tug of War Festival in [[Mihama, Fukui]], is 380 years old, and takes place every January.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=103YC1hftQc　Underwater Tug-of-War Festival in Mihama] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916092643/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=103YC1hftQc |date=2018-09-16 }} Fukui Shimbun, 2013/01/20</ref> The Sendai Great Tug of War in [[Satsumasendai, Kagoshima]] is known as {{lang|ja-latn|Kenka-zuna}} or {{gloss|brawl tug}}.<ref>[http://kic-update.com/en/whatup/sendai-great-tug-of-war-sendai-otsunahiki- SENDAI GREAT TUG-of WAR (Sendai Otsunahiki / 川内大綱引き)]{{Dead link|date=June 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Kagoshima Internationalization Council.</ref> Around 3,000 men pull a huge rope which is {{convert|365|m|ft}} long. The event is said to have been started by feudal warlord Yoshihiro Shimadzu, with the aim of boosting the morale of his soldiers before the decisive [[Battle of Sekigahara]] in 1600. Nanba Hachiman Jinja's tug of war, which started in the [[Edo period]], is [[Osaka]]'s folklore cultural asset.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vH0g1Ow0RrM Tsunahiki Shinji(Shinto ritual)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904014248/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vH0g1Ow0RrM |date=2015-09-04 }} Nanba Hachiman Jinja, 2015/01/18</ref> The [[Naha Tug-of-war]] in [[Okinawa Prefecture|Okinawa]] is also famous.

=== Korea ===
{{main|Juldarigi}}
{{lang|ko-latn|Juldarigi}} ({{korean|hangul=줄다리기}}, also {{lang|ko-latn|chuldarigi}}) is a traditional [[Korea]]n sport similar to tug of war. It has a ritual and divinatory significance for many agricultural communities in the country and is performed at festivals and community gatherings. The sport uses two huge rice-straw ropes, connected by a central peg, which is pulled by teams representing the East and West sides of the village (the competition is often rigged in favor of the Western team). A number of religious and traditional rituals are performed before and after the actual competition.

=== New Zealand ===
A variant, originally brought to New Zealand by Boston whalers in the 1790s, is played with five-person teams lying down on cleated boards. The sport is played at two clubs in Te Awamutu and Hastings, supported by the New Zealand Tug of War Association.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Stiles |first1=Carol |title=Tug-of-war fan desperate to keep sport alive – 'It's weightlifting lying down' |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/country/419963/tug-of-war-fan-desperate-to-keep-sport-alive-it-s-weightlifting-lying-down |access-date=27 June 2020 |work=[[RNZ]] |date=27 June 2020 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626212533/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/country/419963/tug-of-war-fan-desperate-to-keep-sport-alive-it-s-weightlifting-lying-down |url-status=live }}</ref> A four-person variant is played at the National Rover Scout Moot.

=== Peru ===
The Peruvian children's series ''[[Nubeluz]]'' featured its own version of tug of war (called {{Lang|es|La Fuerza Glufica}}), where each team battled 3-on-3 on platforms suspended over a pool of water. The object was simply to pull the other team into the pool.

=== Poland ===
In Poland, a [[Polish Dragon Boat Racing|version]] of tug of war is sometimes played using a [[dragon boat]], where teams of six or eight attempt to row towards each other.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mashable.com/2015/03/26/poland-tug-of-war-dragon-boat/|title=Dragon boat tug of war is Poland's newest sports craze|last=Lynch|first=Molly|website=Mashable|date=26 March 2015|access-date=2017-08-15|archive-date=2018-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116133723/https://mashable.com/2015/03/26/poland-tug-of-war-dragon-boat/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Basque Country ===
In the [[Basque Country (greater region)|Basque Country]], this sport is considered a popular rural sport, with many associations and clubs. In Basque, it is called ''[[Basque rural sports|Sokatira]]''.

=== United States ===
In the United States, a form of tug of war using eight handles is used in competition at camps, schools, churches, and other events. The rope is called an "Oct-O Pull" and provides two-way, four-way and eight-way competition for 8 to 16 participants at one time.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.recreation-specialists.com/ |title=Recreation Specialists |access-date=2021-09-09 |archive-date=2008-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205002943/http://recreation-specialists.com/ |url-status=usurped }}</ref>
* Each [[Fourth of July]], two California towns separated by an ocean channel [[Stinson Beach, California]] and [[Bolinas, California]] gather to compete in an annual tug of war.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://pointreyesweekend.com/bolinas-stinson-fourth-of-july-tug-of-war |title=Uniquely West Marin: Fourth of July Tug of War {{!}} Point Reyes Weekend<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2013-01-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718201745/http://pointreyesweekend.com/bolinas-stinson-fourth-of-july-tug-of-war |archive-date=2013-07-18 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.marinij.com/marin/ci_4013474 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090706235426/http://www.marinij.com/marin/ci_4013474 | archive-date=2009-07-06 | title=Holiday hoopla, happenings around Marin}}</ref>
* The towns of Leclaire, Iowa, and Port Byron, Illinois, compete in a tug of war across the Mississippi River every year in August since 1987 during Tug Fest.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://tugfest.com/|title=Home|work=Tugfest|access-date=2018-08-30|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831035434/http://tugfest.com/|archive-date=2018-08-31|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* A special edition of the ''[[Superstars (American TV program)|Superstars]]'' television series, called "The Superteams", features a tug of war, usually as the final event.
* ''[[Battle of the Network Stars|The Battle of the Network Stars]]'' featured a tug of war as one of its many events.
* A game of tug of war, on tilted platforms, was used on the [[American Gladiators (2008 TV series)|US]], [[Gladiators (revival UK TV series)|UK]] and [[Gladiators (2008 Australian TV series)|Australian]] versions of the ''Gladiators'' television series, although the game was played with two sole opposing participants.
* The last known "cleated" tug of war, takes place in Tuolumne CA at the annual Tuolumne Lumber Jubilee. It takes place the weekend after Fathers Day.

==== Miami University ====
[[File:GW Puddle Pull 031.jpg|thumb|right|2004 Greek Week Puddle Pull at [[Miami University]]]]
Puddle Pull is a biannual tug of war contest held at [[Miami University]].  The event is a timed, seated variation of tug of war in which [[fraternities and sororities]] compete. In addition to the seated participants, each team has a caller who coordinates the movements of the team.

Although the university hosted an unrelated freshman vs. sophomores tug of war event in the 1910s and 1920s, the first record of modern Puddle Pull is its appearance as a tug of war event in the school's newspaper, [[The Miami Student]], in May 1949.<ref>{{cite news | url= http://digital.lib.miamioh.edu/cdm/ref/collection/student/id/3446 | work= [[The Miami Student]] | title= Delta Chis Win Tug-O-War As Large Crowd Watches | date= May 24, 1949 | volume= 074 | number= 55 | access-date= March 20, 2018 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180801064356/http://digital.lib.miamioh.edu/cdm/ref/collection/student/id/3446 | archive-date= August 1, 2018 | url-status= dead }}</ref> This fraternity event was created by Frank Dodd of the Miami chapter of [[Delta Upsilon]].  Originally, the event was held as a standing tug of war over the [[Four Mile Creek (Ohio)|Tallawanda stream]] near the Oxford waterworks bridge in which the losers were pulled into the water.<ref>{{cite news | url= http://digital.lib.miamioh.edu/cdm/ref/collection/student/id/3912 | work= [[The Miami Student]] | title= Fraternity Tug-O-War Teams Begin Practice For Struggle | date= May 20, 1949 | volume= 074 | number= 56 | access-date= March 20, 2018 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180801064420/http://digital.lib.miamioh.edu/cdm/ref/collection/student/id/3912 | archive-date= August 1, 2018 | url-status= dead }}</ref> This first event was later seen as a driving force for creating interfraternity competitive activities (Greek Week) at Miami University.<ref>{{cite news | url= http://digital.lib.miamioh.edu/cdm/ref/collection/student/id/4672 | work= [[The Miami Student]] | title= Greek Week Has Brief, Busy Past | date= April 20, 1965 | volume= 088 | number= 44 | access-date= March 20, 2018 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180801094107/http://digital.lib.miamioh.edu/cdm/ref/collection/student/id/4672 | archive-date= August 1, 2018 | url-status= dead }}</ref> As a part of moving to a seated event, a new rule was created in 1966 to prohibit locks and created the event that is seen today with the exception of a large pit that was still being dug in between the two teams.<ref>{{cite news | url= http://digital.lib.miamioh.edu/cdm/ref/collection/student/id/4864 | work= [[The Miami Student]] | title= Greeks Set Theme Of 'Athenian Antics' | date= April 13, 1965 | volume= 088 | number= 42 | access-date= March 20, 2018 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180801064336/http://digital.lib.miamioh.edu/cdm/ref/collection/student/id/4864 | archive-date= August 1, 2018 | url-status= dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url= https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/14217600/ | title= Greek Week Scheduled | date= April 29, 1971 | access-date= March 20, 2018 | work= [[Hamilton JournalNews|The Journal News]] | page= 62 | archive-date= August 1, 2018 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180801064457/https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/14217600/ | url-status= live }}</ref> The event is held in a level grass field and uses a {{Convert|3.8|cm|in|abbr=on}} diameter rope that is at least {{Convert|15.2|m|ft|abbr=on}} long is used for the event. Footholes or "pits" are dug for each participant at {{Convert|50|cm|in|abbr=on}} intervals. The pits are dug with a flat front and an angled back. Women began to compete sporadically starting in the 1960s and became regular participants as sorority teams in the mid-1980s.

==== Hope College ====
[[The Hope College Pull]] is an annual tug-of-war contest held across the [[Macatawa River|Black River]] in [[Holland, Michigan]] on the fourth Saturday after Labor Day. Competitors are 40 members of the freshman and sophomore classes.<ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.mlive.com/news/grand-rapids/index.ssf/2016/10/victory_in_hope_colleges_pull.html | title= Victory in Hope College annual 'Pull' goes to sophomore class | date= October 4, 2016 | access-date= August 1, 2018 | last= Farrand | first= Allison | website= [[MLive Media Group]] | archive-date= August 2, 2018 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180802041001/https://www.mlive.com/news/grand-rapids/index.ssf/2016/10/victory_in_hope_colleges_pull.html | url-status= live }}</ref>