Editing Trichomoniasis (section)

==Diagnosis==

There are three main ways to test for trichomoniasis.
* The first is known as saline [[microscopy]]. This is the most commonly used method and requires an endocervical, vaginal, or penile swab specimen for examination under a microscope.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Epstein |first1=Aaron |last2=Roy |first2=Subir |chapter=Chapter 50: Vulvovaginitis |title=Management of Common Problems in Obstetrics and Gynecology |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6vMopyn84isC&q=trichomoniasis+microscope+common&pg=PA228 |publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]] |editor-first1=T. Murphy |editor-last1=Goodwin |page=228 |date=2010 |quote=In 80% of cases, the diagnosis of trichomoniasis is confirmed by microscopic examination of the saline wet mount, with the observation of motile trichomonads; their shape is "football-like" with moving flagella. |edition=5th |isbn=978-1405169165 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215160416/https://books.google.com/books?id=6vMopyn84isC&pg=PA228&lpg=PA228&dq=trichomoniasis+microscope+common&source=bl&ots=2eEjEcMTle&sig=lh2SFRdDARtb3YvYD_ZiNHQBCLA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjIrO-l9eTRAhUFSCYKHW1sBD84FBDoAQg2MAQ#v=onepage&q=trichomoniasis%20microscope%20common&f=false |archive-date=2017-02-15 }}</ref> The presence of one or multiple trichomonads constitutes a positive result. This method is cheap but has a low sensitivity (60–70%) often due to an inadequate sample, resulting in false negatives.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Fouts AC, Kraus SJ | title = Trichomonas vaginalis: reevaluation of its clinical presentation and laboratory diagnosis | journal = The Journal of Infectious Diseases | volume = 141 | issue = 2 | pages = 137–143 | date = February 1980 | pmid = 6965976 | doi = 10.1093/infdis/141.2.137 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Schwebke JR, Burgess D | title = Trichomoniasis | journal = Clinical Microbiology Reviews | volume = 17 | issue = 4 | pages = 794–803, table of contents | date = October 2004 | pmid = 15489349 | pmc = 523559 | doi = 10.1128/cmr.17.4.794-803.2004 }}</ref>
* The second diagnostic method is [[Culture (microbiology)|culture]], which has historically been the "gold standard" in infectious disease diagnosis. ''Trichomonas vaginalis'' culture tests are relatively cheap but their sensitivity is still somewhat low (70–89%).<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nye MB, Schwebke JR, Body BA | title = Comparison of APTIMA Trichomonas vaginalis transcription-mediated amplification to wet mount microscopy, culture, and polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of trichomoniasis in men and women | journal = American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology | volume = 200 | issue = 2 | pages = 188.e1–7 | date = February 2009 | pmid = 19185101 | doi = 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.10.005 }}</ref>
* The third method includes the [[nucleic acid amplification tests]] (NAATs), which are more sensitive.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> These tests are more costly than microscopy and culture, and are highly sensitive (80–90%).<ref name="Ginocchio C 2601">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ginocchio CC, Chapin K, Smith JS, Aslanzadeh J, Snook J, Hill CS, Gaydos CA | title = Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis and coinfection with Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the United States as determined by the Aptima Trichomonas vaginalis nucleic acid amplification assay | journal = Journal of Clinical Microbiology | volume = 50 | issue = 8 | pages = 2601–8 | date = August 2012 | pmid = 22622447 | pmc = 3421522 | doi = 10.1128/JCM.00748-12 }}</ref>