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===Species and characteristics=== * [[Trichinella spiralis|''T. spiralis'']] is most adapted to swine, most pathogenic in humans, and is cosmopolitan in distribution.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}} * [[Trichinella britovi|''T. britovi'']] is the second-most common species to infect humans; it is distributed throughout Europe, Asia, and northern and western Africa, usually in wild carnivores, crocodiles, birds, wild boar, and domesticated pigs.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}} * ''T. murrelli'' also infects humans, especially from black bear meat; it is distributed among wild carnivores in North America.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Scandrett|first1=Brad|last2=Konecsni|first2=Kelly|last3=Lalonde|first3=Laura|last4=Boireau|first4=Pascal|last5=VallΓ©e|first5=Isabelle|date=June 2018|title=Detection of natural Trichinella murrelli and Trichinella spiralis infections in horses by routine post-slaughter food safety testing|journal=Food and Waterborne Parasitology|volume=11|pages=1β5|doi=10.1016/j.fawpar.2018.06.001 |pmc=7033993|pmid=32095599}}</ref> * [[Trichinella nativa|''T. nativa'']], which has a high resistance to freezing, is found in the Arctic and subarctic regions; reservoir hosts include polar bears, Arctic foxes, walruses, and other wild game.<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1006/rwfm.1999.1595 |chapter=Trichinella |title=Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology |date=1999 |pages=2181β2186 |isbn=978-0-12-227070-3 | vauthors = Gamble HR }}</ref> * ''T. nelsoni'', found in East African predators and scavengers, has been documented to cause a few human cases. * ''[[Trichinella papuae|T. papuae]]'' infects both mammals and reptiles, including crocodiles, humans, and wild and domestic pigs; this species, found in Papua New Guinea and Thailand, is also nonencapsulated.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title = CDC β DPDx β Trichinellosis β index|url = https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/trichinellosis/index.html|website = www.cdc.gov|access-date = 2015-07-25|url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150704215541/http://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/trichinellosis/index.html|archive-date = 2015-07-04}}</ref> * ''T. pseudospiralis'' infects birds and mammals, and has demonstrated infection in humans;<ref>{{cite journal | author = Jongwutiwes S | date = Jan 1998 | title = First outbreak of human trichinellosis caused by Trichinella pseudospiralis | journal = Clin Infect Dis | volume = 26 | issue = 1| pages = 111β15 | doi=10.1086/516278| pmid = 9455518 |display-authors=etal| doi-access = free }}</ref> it is a nonencapsulated species. * ''T. zimbabwensis'' can infect mammals, and possibly humans; this nonencapsulated species was detected in crocodiles in Africa.<ref name=CDC2013DP/>
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