Editing Triboluminescence (section)

== Examples ==

=== In common materials ===
[[File:Tribo.ogv|thumb|Triboluminescence in quartz]]
Certain household materials and substances can be seen to exhibit the property:
* Ordinary [[pressure-sensitive tape]] ("[[Scotch tape]]") displays a glowing line where the end of the tape is being pulled away from the roll.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sanderson |first1=Katharine |title=Sticky tape generates X-rays |journal=Nature |date=22 October 2008 |pages=news.2008.1185 |doi=10.1038/news.2008.1185 }}</ref> Soviet scientists observed in 1953 that unpeeling a roll of tape in a vacuum produced X-rays.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Karasev |first1=V. V |last2=Krotova |first2=N. A |last3=Deryagin |first3=Boris Vladimirovich |title=A study of electron emission during the stripping a layer of a high polymer from glass in a vacuum |date=1953 |oclc=1037003456 }}</ref>  The mechanism of X-ray generation was studied further in 2008.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal | last1 = Camara | first1 = C. G. | last2 = Escobar | first2 = J. V. | last3 = Hird | first3 = J. R. | last4 = Putterman | first4 = S. J. | year = 2008 | title = Correlation between nanosecond X-ray flashes and stick-slip friction in peeling tape | journal = Nature | volume = 455 | issue = 7216| pages = 1089–1092 | doi=10.1038/nature07378|bibcode = 2008Natur.455.1089C | s2cid = 4372536 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/28/science/28xray.html?_r=1&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss| title=Scotch Tape Unleashes X-Ray Power| newspaper=The New York Times| date=2008-10-23| last1=Chang| first1=Kenneth| access-date=2017-02-25| archive-date=2017-09-30| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930144127/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/28/science/28xray.html?_r=3&oref=slogin&oref=slogin&oref=slogin| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |author=Katherine Bourzac |url=http://www.technologyreview.com/blog/editors/22157/ |title=X-Rays Made with Scotch Tape |magazine=Technology Review |date=2008-10-23 |access-date=2012-10-09 |archive-date=2012-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514123044/http://www.technologyreview.com/blog/editors/22157/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Similar X-ray emissions have also been observed with metals.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Krishna |first1=G N |first2=S.K.Roy  |last2=Chowdhury |last3=Biswas |first3=A. |title=X-Ray Emission during Rubbing of Metals |journal=Tribology in Industry |volume=36 |issue=3 |year=2014 |pages=229–235 |id={{ProQuest|2555415391}} |url=https://www.tribology.rs/journals/2014/2014-3/1.pdf }}</ref>
* Opening an envelope sealed with polymer glue may generate light that can be viewed as blue flashes in darkness.<ref name="Alexander 2012 pp. 13294–13299">{{cite journal | last=Alexander | first=Andrew J. | title=Interfacial Ion-Transfer Mechanism for the Intense Luminescence Observed When Opening Self-Seal Envelopes | journal=Langmuir | publisher=American Chemical Society (ACS) | volume=28 | issue=37 | date=5 September 2012 | issn=0743-7463 | doi=10.1021/la302689y | pages=13294–13299| pmid=22924818 | hdl=20.500.11820/78782d2a-b87f-4fda-813c-6a282d1fd9c6 | s2cid=32480331 | url=https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/files/9153210/54_Interfacial_Ion_Transfer_Mechanism_for_the_Intense_Luminescence_Observed_When_Opening_Self_Seal_Envelopes.pdf | hdl-access=free }}</ref>
* When sugar crystals are crushed, tiny electrical fields are created, separating positive and negative charges that create [[electric spark|spark]]s while trying to reunite. Wint-O-Green [[Life Savers]] work especially well for creating such sparks, because [[wintergreen]] oil ([[methyl salicylate]]) is [[fluorescent]] and converts [[ultraviolet light]] into [[visible light|blue light]].<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/9911/tribo.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091020194439/http://geocities.com/RainForest/9911/tribo.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=2009-10-20 | title=Triboluminescence}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sciencenews.org/sn_arc97/5_17_97/fob2.htm |title=Triboluminescence |publisher=Sciencenews.org |date=1997-05-17 |access-date=2012-10-09 |archive-date=1997-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970626080535/http://www.sciencenews.org/sn_arc97/5_17_97/fob2.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

A [[diamond]] may begin to glow while being rubbed; this occasionally happens to diamonds while a facet is being ground or the diamond is being sawn during the [[diamond cutting|cutting process]]. Diamonds may fluoresce blue or red. Some other minerals, such as [[quartz]], are triboluminescent, emitting light when rubbed together.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rockhoundingar.com/experiments.php |title=Rockhounding Arkansas: Experiments with Quartz |publisher=Rockhoundingar.com |access-date=2012-10-09 |archive-date=2012-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424062435/http://rockhoundingar.com/experiments.php |url-status=live }}</ref>

Triboluminescence as a biological phenomenon is observed in [[Deformation (mechanics)|mechanical deformation]] and [[contact electrification]] of [[Epidermis|epidermal]] surface of osseous and soft tissues, during chewing food, at [[friction]] in joints of vertebrae, during sexual intercourse, and during [[Circulatory system|blood circulation]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Orel |first1=V.E. |title=Triboluminescence as a biological phenomenion and methods for its investigation |date=1989 |publisher=World Scientific |isbn=9789810204051 |series=Biological luminescence : proceedings of the first international school, Książ Castle, Wrocław, Poland, June 20-23, 1989 |location=Singapore |pages=131–147 |doi=10.13140/RG.2.1.2298.5443}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Orel |first1=Valeri E. |last2=Alekseyev |first2=Sergei B. |last3=Grinevich |first3=Yuri A. |title=Mechanoluminescence: An assay for lymphocyte analysis in neoplasia |journal=Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence |date=October 1992 |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=239–244 |doi=10.1002/bio.1170070403 |pmid=1442175 }}</ref>

[[Water jet cutter|Water jet abrasive cutting]] of ceramics (e.g., [[tiles]]) creates a yellow/orange glow at the point of impact of very high-speed flow.

=== Chemicals notable for their triboluminescence ===
* Europium tetrakis (dibenzoylmethide)triethylammonium emits particularly bright red flashes upon the destruction of its crystals.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hurt |first1=C. R. |last2=Mcavoy |first2=N. |last3=Bjorklund |first3=S. |last4=Filipescu |first4=N. |title=High Intensity Triboluminescence in Europium Tetrakis (Dibenzoylmethide)-triethylammonium |journal=Nature |date=October 1966 |volume=212 |issue=5058 |pages=179–180 |doi=10.1038/212179b0 |bibcode=1966Natur.212R.179H |s2cid=4165699 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fontenot |first1=Ross |last2=Bhat |first2=Kamala |last3=Hollerman |first3=William A |last4=Aggarwal |first4=Mohan |title=Europium Tetrakis Dibenzoylmethide Triethylammonium: Synthesis, Additives, and Applications Review |journal=ECS Meeting Abstracts |date=1 September 2016 |volume=MA2016-02 |issue=42 |pages=3158 |doi=10.1149/ma2016-02/42/3158 }}</ref>
* Triphenylphosphinebis(pyridine)thiocyanatocopper(I) emits a reasonably strong blue light when crystals of it are fractured. This luminescence is not as extreme as the red luminescence; however, it is still very clearly visible to the naked eye in standard settings.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hPtCvReouCM|title = Make Blue Smash-Glow Crystals (Triboluminescence Demonstration)|website = [[YouTube]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Marchetti |first1=Fabio |last2=Di Nicola |first2=Corrado |last3=Pettinari |first3=Riccardo |last4=Timokhin |first4=Ivan |last5=Pettinari |first5=Claudio |title=Synthesis of a Photoluminescent and Triboluminescent Copper(I) Compound: An Experiment for an Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory |journal=Journal of Chemical Education |date=10 April 2012 |volume=89 |issue=5 |pages=652–655 |doi=10.1021/ed2001494 |bibcode=2012JChEd..89..652M }}</ref>
* [[N-acetylanthranilic acid]] emits a deep blue light when its crystals are fractured.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Erikson J | title = N-acetylanthranilic acid. A highly triboluminescent material | journal = J Chem Educ | date = Oct 1972 | volume = 49 | issue = 10 | pages = 688 | doi = 10.1021/ed049p688 | bibcode = 1972JChEd..49..688E }}</ref>