Editing Treaty of Nanking (section)

===Cession of Hong Kong===
<!--Gibb, Livingston & Co. links here -->
In 1841, a rough outline for a treaty was sent for the guidance of [[Plenipotentiary]] [[Charles Elliot]]. It had a blank after the words "the cession of the ''islands'' of". Pottinger sent this old draft treaty on shore, with the letter ''s'' struck out of ''islands'' and the words ''Hong Kong'' placed after it.<ref name="martin">Martin, Robert Montgomery (1847). ''[https://archive.org/details/chinapoliticalc00martgoog/page/n92 <!-- pg=84 --> China: Political, Commercial, and Social; In an Official Report to Her Majesty's Government]''. Volume 2. London: James Madden. p. 84.</ref> [[Robert Montgomery Martin]], treasurer of Hong Kong, wrote in an official report:

<blockquote>
The terms of peace having been read, [[Yilibu|Elepoo]] the senior commissioner paused, expecting something more, and at length said "is that all?" Mr. [[John Robert Morrison|Morrison]] enquired of Lieutenant-colonel [[George Alexander Malcolm|Malcolm]] [Pottinger's secretary] if there was anything else, and being answered in the negative, Elepoo immediately and with great tact closed the negotiation by saying, "''all shall be granted—it is settled—it is finished''."<ref name="martin" />
</blockquote>

The Qing government agreed to make [[Hong Kong Island]] a [[crown colony]], ceding it to the [[Queen Victoria|Queen Victoria of Great Britain]], in perpetuity<ref>{{Citation | date=29 August 1842 | title=[[:s:Treaty of Nanking|Treaty of Nanking]] |quote=His Majesty the Emperor of China cedes to Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, &c., the Island of Hong-Kong, to be possessed in perpetuity by Her Britannic Majesty, Her Heirs and Successors, and to be governed by such Laws and Regulations as Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, &c., shall see fit to direct. }}</ref> ({{lang|zh|[[wikt:常|常]][[wikt:遠|遠]]}}, ''Cháng yuǎn'', in the Chinese version of the treaty), to provide British traders with a harbour where they could "careen and refit their ships and keep stores for that purpose" (Article III). Pottinger was later appointed the first [[Governor of Hong Kong]].

In 1860, the colony was extended with the addition of the [[Kowloon]] peninsula under the [[Convention of Peking]]<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Endacott |first1=G. B. |title=A biographical sketch-book of early Hong Kong |last2=Carroll, John M. |publisher=Hong Kong University Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-962-209-742-1 |author-link=George Beer Endacott |orig-year=1962}}</ref> and in 1898, the [[Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory|Second Convention of Peking]] further expanded the colony with the 99-year lease of the [[New Territories]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 August 2011 |title=Lessons in History |url=http://www.npm.gov.tw/exh100/diplomatic/page_en02.html |access-date=2018-08-27 |publisher=National Palace Museum (Taipei)}}</ref> In 1984, the governments of the United Kingdom and the [[People's Republic of China]] (PRC) concluded the [[Sino-British Joint Declaration|Sino-British Joint Declaration on the Question of Hong Kong]], under which the sovereignty of the leased territories, together with Hong Kong Island and [[Kowloon Peninsula|Kowloon]] (south of Boundary Street) ceded under the [[Convention of Peking]] (1860), was [[transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong|transferred]] to the PRC on 1 July 1997.<ref>Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau, The Government of the HKSAR. [http://www.cmab.gov.hk/en/issues/jd2.htm "The Joint Declaration"] and following pages, 1 July 2007.</ref>