Editing Transport in China (section)

==Rail==
{{Main|Rail transport in China|Passenger rail transport in China|High-speed rail in China|List of railways in China}}
[[File:Rail map of PRC.svg|thumb|Current railway network in China, including HSR lines]]

Rail is the major mode of transport in China. In 2019, railways in China delivered 3.660 billion passenger trips, generating 1,470.66 billion passenger-kilometres and carried 4.389 billion tonnes of freight, generating 3,018 billion cargo tonne-kilometres;<ref name="2014 stats">(Chinese) [https://www.mot.gov.cn/tongjishuju/tielu/202005/t20200511_3323807.html 2019 年铁道统计公报 - 2019 Railway statistical bulletin]</ref> both traffic volumes are among the highest in the world. The high volume of traffic that China's railway system carries makes it critical to China's [[Economy of China|economy]]. China's railway system carries 24% of the world's railway transport volume on only 6% of the world's railways. China has the world's second longest railway network; as of 2020 it is {{convert|146300|km|0|abbr=on}} long.<ref>{{Cite web|title="十三五"期间全国铁路营业里程增加到14.63万公里-中新网|url=http://www.chinanews.com/gn/2021/01-04/9378115.shtml|access-date=2021-04-24|website=www.chinanews.com}}</ref> About 71.9% of the network is electrified in 2019.<ref name="2014 stats" />

In 2011 China's railway inventory included 19,431 [[locomotive]]s<ref name="ChinaMOR2011">{{cite web|title=Railway Statistical Bulletin for 2011|url=http://www.china-mor.gov.cn/zwzc/tjxx/zyzb/201202/t20120215_29645.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218030609/http://www.china-mor.gov.cn/zwzc/tjxx/zyzb/201202/t20120215_29645.html|archive-date=February 18, 2012|access-date=February 15, 2012|publisher=Ministry of Railway, People's Republic of China}}</ref> owned by the national railway system. The inventory in recent times included some 100 [[steam locomotive]]s, but the last such locomotive, built in 1999, is now in service as a [[Tourism in China|tourist attraction]] while the others have been retired from commercial service. The remaining locomotives are either [[Diesel locomotive|diesel]]- or [[electric]]-powered. Another 352 locomotives are owned by local railroads and 604 operated by [[joint-venture]] railways. National railway freight cars numbered 622,284<ref name="ChinaMOR2011" /> and passenger coaches 52,130
.<ref name="ChinaMOR2011" />

Because of its limited capital, overburdened infrastructure, and need to continuously modernize, the national rail system, which is controlled by the [[Ministry of Railways (China)|Ministry of Railways]] through a network of regional divisions, operates on an austere [[budget]]. Foreign capital [[investment]] in the [[freight]] sector was allowed beginning in 2003, and international public stock offerings opened in 2006. In another move to better capitalize and reform the rail system, the Ministry of Railways established three public shareholder-owned companies in 2003: China Railways Container Transport Company, China Railway Special Cargo Service Company, and China Railways Parcel Express Company.

In recent decades, rail use in China has seen significant growth in the volume of goods and passengers transported. Since 1980, the volume of goods transported (metric tons times kilometers traveled) has increased by 305% and the volume of passengers (million passengers times kilometers traveled) has increased by 485%.<ref name="ChinaRail2015">{{cite web|url=https://vizala.com/Country/China/Infrastructure/Key-Metrics/Annual-Trends|title=China Infrastructure Trends|work=Vizala.com|access-date=2016-09-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816180332/https://vizala.com/Country/China/Infrastructure/Key-Metrics/Annual-Trends|archive-date=2016-08-16|url-status=dead}}</ref> During this same time period, total length of rail lines has only increased by 34%.<ref name="ChinaRail2015" />

=== Statistics<ref name="ChinaRail2015" /> ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-hei
!  !!  1980  !!  1990  !!  2000  !!  2010  !!  2014 !! 2015!! 2017
|-
|  Rail lines (total route-km)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IS.RRS.TOTL.KM?locations=CN|title=Rail lines (total route-km) {{!}} Data|website=data.worldbank.org|language=en-us|access-date=2017-08-04}}</ref>  ||  49,940  ||  53,378  ||  58,656  ||  66,239  ||  66,989 || || 
|-
|  Goods transported on railways (metric tons times kilometers traveled)  ||  570,732  ||  1,060,100  ||  1,333,606  ||  2,451,185  ||  2,308,669 || || 
|-
|  Passengers carried on railways (million passengers times kilometers traveled)  ||  138,037  ||  263,530  ||  441,468  ||  791,158  ||  807,065 || ||
|- 
|  Urban rail transit (kilometers)<ref name="corg">{{Cite web|url=http://www.china.org.cn/china/2018-04/10/content_50856481.htm|title=Beijing's rail transit handles biggest passenger volume in China- China.org.cn|website=www.china.org.cn}}</ref> || || || || || || || 5,033
|- 
|  Subway (kilometers)<ref name="corg"/> || || || || || || || 3,844
|-
|  Urban rail transit under construction (kilometers)<ref name="corg"/> || || || || || || || 6,246
|-  
|  [[Bus rapid transit]] (kilometers)<ref name="wribrt">{{Cite web |url=https://www.wri.org/sites/default/files/bus-rapid-transit-in-china_1.pdf |title=Bus rapid transit in China: a comparison of design features with international systems |access-date=2018-04-25 |archive-date=2017-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210013004/http://www.wri.org/sites/default/files/bus-rapid-transit-in-china_1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> || || || || || || 2,991 ||
|}

===Regional development===
[[File:中国西藏拉萨市 China Lhasa Tibet China Xinjiang Urumqi Welcome - panoramio (78).jpg|thumb|Lhasa railway station]]
{{Main|Qingzang railway}}
[[File:Qingzang railway Train 01.jpg|thumb|A train pulled by an [[China Railways NJ2|NJ2]] [[diesel locomotive|locomotive]] travels on the [[Qingzang railway]] in 2008.]]

In 1992, a new large-scale rail project was launched in China, called the "New Silk Road" or "Eurasian Continental Bridge" project. The project involved the modernization and infrastructure development of a {{convert|4131|km|0|abbr=on}} railroad route starting in [[Lianyungang]], [[Jiangsu]], and traveling through central and northwestern China to [[Urumqi]], [[Xinjiang]], to the [[Dzungarian Gate|Alataw Pass]] into [[Kazakhstan]]. From that point, the railroad links to some {{convert|6800|km|0|abbr=on}} of routes that end in [[Rotterdam]].

China also has established rail links between seaports and interior export-processing zones. For example, in 2004 [[Chengdu]] in [[Sichuan]] was linked to the [[Special economic zones of China|Shenzhen Special Economic Zone]] in coastal [[Guangdong]]; exports clear [[customs]] in Chengdu and are shipped twice daily by rail to the seaport at [[Shenzhen]] for fast delivery.

====Tibet====
A {{convert|1080|km|0|abbr=on}} section of the [[Qingzang railway]] has been completed from [[Golmud]] to [[Lhasa (prefecture-level city)|Lhasa]]. The {{convert|815|km|0|abbr=on}} section from [[Xining]] to Golmud in [[Qinghai]] opened to traffic in 1984. The railway's highest point, the [[Tanggula Mountain Pass]], is 5,072 m above sea level, making it the highest railway in the world. More than {{convert|960|km|0|abbr=on}}, or over four-fifths of the railway, is at an altitude of more than 4,000 m, and over half of it was laid on frozen earth. Because of the high altitudes, carriages are supplied with supplemental [[oxygen]].

Linking [[Lhasa (prefecture-level city)|Lhasa]] and [[Shigatse]] together in [[Tibet]], the construction of a {{convert|254|km|0|abbr=on}} extension line of the [[Qingzang railway]] started in 2009 with completion expected by 2014.

===High-speed rail===
[[File:CR400BF-GZ-5203 and 5143 at Xidian (20210907094248).jpg|thumb|High speed train passing the [[Beijing central business district]]]]
{{Main|High-speed rail in China}}

The high-speed service is mainly operated by [[China Railway High-speed]]. HSR developed rapidly in China over the past 15 years thanks to generous funding from the Chinese government. With ridership exceeding 1.44 billion in 2016, China's HSR service was the most heavily used in the world.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/financial/china-railway-sets-out-2017-targets.html|title=China Railway sets out 2017 targets|last=Smith|first=Kevin|access-date=2017-01-04}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2016-07/21/c_135530835.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160722130437/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2016-07/21/c_135530835.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 22, 2016|title=China Exclusive: Five bln trips made on China's bullet trains - Xinhua {{!}} English.news.cn|website=news.xinhuanet.com|access-date=2016-08-08}}</ref> In 2016, the network is the [[List of high-speed railway lines|longest in the world]] and accounted for about two-thirds of the world's high-speed rail tracks<ref name="Xinhua 2017-02-19">{{cite news|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-02/19/c_136068507.htm|title=China to start construction on 35 railway projects: report|date=February 19, 2017|agency=Xinhua}}</ref> and operated with 2,595 high-speed trains, accounting for about 60 percent of all global high-speed trains.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-06/30/c_136407699.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630175309/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-06/30/c_136407699.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 30, 2017|title=China puts nearly 2,600 high-speed trains into operation by 2016 - Xinhua {{!}} English.news.cn|website=news.xinhuanet.com|access-date=2017-07-02}}</ref>{{Update inline|date=January 2021|reason=The total length of highspeed lines has significantly grown since to 35,000 km as of 2020}}

===Maglev===
{{Main|Maglev}}
China also has the world's first commercial high-speed maglev (magnetic levitation) service, [[Shanghai Maglev Train]] (the first maglev service opened at Birmingham International Airport, United Kingdom, in 1984; however, it was not high-speed). The Chinese project, a Sino-German joint venture, was a 38-km-long route between downtown [[Shanghai]] and the [[Pudong airport]] that opened in 2003. The project cost US$1.2 billion.<ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/life/feature/story/0,13026,1122916,00.html| title = Probably the world's fastest train| newspaper = The Guardian| date = 15 January 2004| last1 = Dodson| first1 = Sean}}</ref> Low speed commuter maglevs using ingenious technology have opened in Changsha ([[Changsha Maglev]]) and Beijing ([[Line S1, Beijing Subway]]).

In January 2021 a prototype for a new high-speed maglev train capable of {{convert|620|kph|mph|abbr=on}} was unveiled. Developed by [[Southwest Jiaotong University]] near Chengdu, Professor He Chuan, vice president of the university, told reporters that the train is scheduled to be operational within 3–10 years.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Marcus|first=Lilit|date=18 January 2021|title=China debuts train prototype that can hit speeds of 620 kilometers per hour|url=https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/china-high-speed-maglev-train-intl-hnk/index.html}}</ref> In July 2021 the [[CRRC]] unveiled a four-car {{convert|600|kph|mph|abbr=on}} maglev train.<ref>{{cite news |title=China unveils new 600 km/h ultra-fast maglev train |url=https://newatlas.com/transport/china-fastest-maglev-train/ |access-date=21 July 2021 |publisher=New Atlas |date=21 July 2021}}</ref> Long test tracks are being developed to test the vehicles.

===Railway links with adjoining countries===
The two railway links China have with a neighboring country that does not have a [[break of gauge]] is with [[Transport in North Korea|North Korea]] and [[Transport in Vietnam|Vietnam]]. China also has links with [[Transport in Kazakhstan|Kazakhstan]], [[Transport in Mongolia|Mongolia]] and [[Transport in Russia|Russia]], which all use the {{RailGauge|1520mm}} gauge, and with [[Transport in Vietnam|Vietnam]], where the {{RailGauge|1000mm}} gauge is still in use. The [[Trans-Siberian Railway]], which crosses [[Russia]], has a branch that sweeps down from [[Ulan-Ude]], across [[Mongolia]], and on to [[Beijing]].

China does not have a direct rail link with [[Afghanistan]], [[Bhutan]], [[India]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Nepal]], [[Pakistan]] or [[Tajikistan]], but is currently planning links with [[Laos]] and [[India]] (via [[Myanmar]]).

[[Variable gauge|Variable-gauge-axle]] trains are sometimes used to overcome the [[break of gauge]] with neighboring countries. The mainland is also linked to [[Hong Kong]], but not with [[Macau]], although a Macau link is planned.

===Urban Rail===

==== Rapid Transit ====
{{Main|Urban rail transit in China}}
[[File:North facade of Zhangguozhuang Station (20230609160056).jpg|thumb|215x215px|[[Zhangguozhuang station]] on [[Line 14 (Beijing Subway)|Line 14, Beijing Subway]]]]

As of 2025, there are at least 50 rapid transit systems in mainland China.<ref>{{Cite web |last=马文华 |title=图表：我国城市轨道交通运营里程突破1万公里__中国政府网 |url=https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/jiedu/tujie/202401/content_6925789.htm |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=www.gov.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lin |first=Dong |last2=Nelson |first2=John D. |last3=Beecroft |first3=Mark |last4=Cui |first4=Jianqiang |date=2021-05-01 |title=An overview of recent developments in China’s metro systems |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0886779820307379 |journal=Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology |volume=111 |pages=103783 |doi=10.1016/j.tust.2020.103783 |issn=0886-7798}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-24 |title=China Metro: The Ultimate Guide for Foreign Visitors |url=https://www.registrationchina.com/articles/china-metro/ |access-date=2025-02-16 |language=en-US}}</ref> While it is difficult to gauge the number of systems and lines under construction or being planned at any given time, the rapid development of mass rapid transit in China suggests that new metro systems, lines, and extensions are constantly emerging and being rapidly developed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chinese metro expansion reaches new climax |url=https://www.mainspring.co.uk/industry-news/chinese-metro-expansion-reaches-new-climax/ |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=www.mainspring.co.uk |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Simmons |first=Mark |date=2024-10-10 |title=China adds over 217km to metro networks |url=https://www.railjournal.com/passenger/metros/china-adds-over-217km-to-metro-networks/ |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=International Railway Journal |language=en-GB}}</ref> Today, China boasts nine of the world's [[List of metro systems|ten longest metro systems]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=2024世界十大最长地铁排名出炉，中国城市占据9席 |url=http://www.360doc.com/content/24/0313/11/75017515_1117030461.shtml |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=www.360doc.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-16 |title=🚇全球最长地铁线路Top1 |url=https://mbd.baidu.com/newspage/data/dtlandingsuper?nid=dt_3906412798462564464&c_source=kunlun_dt&c_score=0.999000&p_tk=2788xzirJR8MEzoUoi0rXYK/hZLStaMNqkbA7xsJHvpbJg2oEji0QHej6wO2g/6ZMJ83zVKausVz3MzpYm6Su/%2BpxEs04CsRADqblG9V9asmJo5Frow23ShH2avGJnKvDoZ/%2BvkOJEiOXPUnlPXeBGFL7DtSTEoqkhqkBkh25PiMX1M%3D&p_timestamp=1739682751&p_sign=d164da7977d18b22dd21cbbd108ecf2a&p_signature=bef6285d865cba1c5117dc916d452956&__pc2ps_ab=2788xzirJR8MEzoUoi0rXYK/hZLStaMNqkbA7xsJHvpbJg2oEji0QHej6wO2g/6ZMJ83zVKausVz3MzpYm6Su/%2BpxEs04CsRADqblG9V9asmJo5Frow23ShH2avGJnKvDoZ/%2BvkOJEiOXPUnlPXeBGFL7DtSTEoqkhqkBkh25PiMX1M%3D%7C1739682751%7Cbef6285d865cba1c5117dc916d452956%7Cd164da7977d18b22dd21cbbd108ecf2a |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250216051259/https://mbd.baidu.com/newspage/data/dtlandingsuper?nid=dt_3906412798462564464&c_source=kunlun_dt&c_score=0.999000&p_tk=2788xzirJR8MEzoUoi0rXYK/hZLStaMNqkbA7xsJHvpbJg2oEji0QHej6wO2g/6ZMJ83zVKausVz3MzpYm6Su/%2BpxEs04CsRADqblG9V9asmJo5Frow23ShH2avGJnKvDoZ/%2BvkOJEiOXPUnlPXeBGFL7DtSTEoqkhqkBkh25PiMX1M%3D&p_timestamp=1739682751&p_sign=d164da7977d18b22dd21cbbd108ecf2a&p_signature=bef6285d865cba1c5117dc916d452956&__pc2ps_ab=2788xzirJR8MEzoUoi0rXYK/hZLStaMNqkbA7xsJHvpbJg2oEji0QHej6wO2g/6ZMJ83zVKausVz3MzpYm6Su/%2BpxEs04CsRADqblG9V9asmJo5Frow23ShH2avGJnKvDoZ/%2BvkOJEiOXPUnlPXeBGFL7DtSTEoqkhqkBkh25PiMX1M%3D%7C1739682751%7Cbef6285d865cba1c5117dc916d452956%7Cd164da7977d18b22dd21cbbd108ecf2a |url-status=dead |archive-date=2025-02-16 |access-date=2025-02-16 }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=网易 |date=2024-11-12 |title=2024世界地铁里程50强市：中国28城上榜，武汉超纽约，大连超巴黎 |url=https://www.163.com/dy/article/JGQAN0QR055621RT.html |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=www.163.com}}</ref> Furthermore, of the 50 longest metro systems in the world, 26 are in mainland China; [[MTR|Hong Kong]] and [[Taipei Metro|Taipei]] also make the list.<ref name=":2" /> The [[Shanghai Metro]] only started operating in 1993 and has since expanded to be the world's longest or second-longest subway system, trading places only with the [[Beijing Subway]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ode to the Shanghai Metro - Phoebe Lemon |url=https://www.nyuad.design/essay/ode-to-the-shanghai-metro |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=www.nyuad.design |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shanghai Metro: from nothing to world leader |url=https://www.shine.cn/feature/lifestyle/1809081811/ |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=SHINE |language=en}}</ref> In Mainland China, 23 urban rail lines are expected to start construction in 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=总投资2000多亿元！2025年城市轨道交通预计开工23条线路 |url=https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5NTEwNDM3NQ==&mid=2653142260&idx=3&sn=8f120e1a6f7eaac84c20568716695913&chksm=bcca227af77a079d3934dcdcf373e8f5b888b6958617a244799b4ffa4f4dce6948790d0fd319&scene=27 |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=Weixin Official Accounts Platform}}</ref>

[[File:20140820上海地铁11号线AC16列车进入南翔站.jpg|thumb|215x215px|A [[Line 11 (Shanghai Metro)|Line 11]] train arriving at [[Nanxiang station (Shanghai Metro)|Nanxiang station]] of [[Shanghai Metro]].]]
[[File:Caihongqiao Station Concourse 20221229 Part 1.jpg|thumb|215x215px|[[Caihongqiao station]] of [[Line 8 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 8, Guangzhou Metro]]]]

==== Light Rail/Tram ====
{{Main|Trams in China}}Several cities in China had tram systems during the 20th century; however, by the end of the century, only [[Trams in Dalian|Dalian]], [[Hong Kong Tramways|Hong Kong]] and [[Changchun Tram|Changchun]] remained. Since 2010, then new tram systems opened in [[Qingdao Tram|Qingdao]], [[Guangzhou Trams|Guangzhou]], [[Trams in Shenzhen|Shenzhen]], [[Trams in Shenyang|Shenyang]], [[Trams in Suzhou|Suzhou]], [[Trams in Zhuhai|Zhuhai]], and [[Trams in Huai'an|Huai'an]].

[[File:MTR North Point station (1).jpg|thumb|215x215px|[[North Point station]] on [[Island line (MTR)|Island line, MTR]]]]

In 2016 a Chinese firm developed the [[Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit]] system which has been described as a crossover between a [[train]], a [[bus]] and a [[tram]] and is commonly called a "trackless tram".<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/infrastructure/a26782/china-built-a-self-driving-something/|title=China Built a Self-Driving... Something|date=2017-06-06|work=Popular Mechanics|access-date=2017-07-26|language=en}}</ref> As of 2021 the system has four lines in operation and is being considered for a number of other locations around the country.

==== Monorail ====
China has installed a number of straddle-type rubber-tyred monorail systems since 2005. The longest monorail line in the world, at {{convert|66.2|km|mi|abbr=on}}, is [[Line 3 (Chongqing Rail Transit)|Line 3]] located in [[Chongqing]]. A large number of other transit systems are under construction, as well as tourist lines using [[suspension railway|suspended monorail]] technology.

====Suburban and commuter rail systems====
China's passenger railways are mostly used for medium- and long-distance travel, with few trains stopping anywhere but at major stations in center cities. [[Commuter rail]] systems, characteristic of large European and North American cities, were initially uncommon in China. Instead radial suburban metro lines ([[Line 16 (Shanghai Metro)|Shanghai Metro Line 16]], [[Line 9 (Tianjin Metro)|Binhai Mass Transit Line 9]], [[Guangfo Metro]], etc.) were mostly fulfilling that role. However a number of high-speed regional networks such as the [[Chengdu–Dujiangyan Intercity Railway|Chengdu–Dujiangyan ICR]], [[Changsha–Zhuzhou–Xiangtan Intercity Railway|Changsha–Zhuzhou–Xiangtan ICR]], [[Pearl River Delta Rapid Transit]], and [[Wuhan Metropolitan Area Intercity Railway]] have recently started providing commuter services.

====Rail transit in Hong Kong SAR====
{{Main|MTR}}

[[Hong Kong]] [[MTR|Mass Transit Railway]] was planned, designed, constructed and opened under [[British Hong Kong|British administration]]; it was opened in 1979 and merged with the KCR network in 2007 to form a 10-line heavy metro operation and a modern [[Light Rail (MTR)|light rail]] network. In addition, a [[Hong Kong Tramways|tramway]] system operates on [[Hong Kong Island]].

==== Rail transit in Macau SAR ====
{{Main|Macau Light Rapid Transit}}

The Macau LRT was first proposed in 2003, but a final go-ahead was not given until a public announcement by the Government of Macau in October 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2018-06-01 |title=Macau Skytrain LTR (Light Rail Transit) |url=https://www.secretmacau.com/macau-skytrain-ltr-light-rail-transit/ |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=Secret Macau |language=en-US}}</ref> The Macau Light Transit System currently operates three lines: the [[Taipa line|Taipa Line]], which connects Taipa (including Macau International Airport), Cotai, and the Macau Peninsula; the [[Hengqin line|Hengqin Line]], a two-station line which connects Hengqin Island to Lotus Station, and the [[Seac Pai Van line|Seac Pai Van Line]], a two-station southern link connecting Union Hospital with Seac Pai Van.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LRT Lines |url=https://www.mlm.com.mo/en/route.html |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=www.mlm.com.mo}}</ref> The Taipa Line opened on 10 December 2019, while the Seac Pai Van and Hengqin lines opened on 1 November 2024 and 2 December 2024, respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-02 |title=Mitsubishi Heavy Industries {{!}} Macau LRT Seac Pai Van and Hengqin Extension Lines Begin Commercial Operations-- Contribute to the Development of Key Transport Infrastructure to Support the Enhancement of Accessibility to a New Residential Area and Mainland China -- |url=https://www.mhi.com/news/241202.html |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. |language=en}}</ref> The [[East line (Macau LRT)|East Line]], which will connect the eastern terminus of the Taipa Line at Taipa Ferry Terminal with the Macau Peninsula, began construction in 2023 and is expected to open in 2028.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-24 |title=Construction of East Line begins |url=https://www.macaubusiness.com/east-line-construction-begins/ |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=Macau Business |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fong |first=Kenny |date=2023-12-07 |title=What’s next for Macao’s LRT? |url=https://macaonews.org/features/macau-light-rail-transit-lines-transport-lrt-macao/ |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=Macao News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=East Line |url=https://www.mlm.com.mo/en/LRTeastline.html |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=www.mlm.com.mo}}</ref>

As of February 2025, all lines on the LRT use [[Crystal Mover|Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Crystal Mover APM vehicles]] that are two-car trains and fully automated.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-10-02 |title=MACAU DAILY TIMES - Mitsubishi wins LRT tender |url=http://www.macaudailytimes.com.mo/macau/20610-Mitsubishi-wins-LRT-tender.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002051123/http://www.macaudailytimes.com.mo/macau/20610-Mitsubishi-wins-LRT-tender.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-10-02 |access-date=2025-02-16 }}</ref> The car is named Ocean Cruiser.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ocean Cruiser |url=https://www.mlm.com.mo/en/ocean_cruiser.html |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=www.mlm.com.mo}}</ref> All LRT stations are equipped with [[platform screen doors]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wayback Machine |url=https://www.mhi.co.jp/technology/review/pdf/e572/e572030.pdf |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240417054036/https://www.mhi.co.jp/technology/review/pdf/e572/e572030.pdf |archive-date=2024-04-17 |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=www.mhi.co.jp}}</ref>