Editing Toshiba (section)

===1939 to 2000===
[[File:Toshiba Vacuum tube Radio.jpg|thumb|right|AM-only Toshiba vacuum tube radio (1955)]]
Toshiba was founded in 1939 by the merger of Shibaura Seisakusho<ref>[http://www.shibaura.co.jp/e/company/history.html Corporate History | Shibaura Mechatronics Corporation]. Shibaura.co.jp. Retrieved on 26 July 2013.</ref> and Tokyo Denki. The merger of Shibaura and Tokyo Denki created a new company called Tokyo Shibaura Denki (Tokyo Shibaura Electric) ({{lang|ja-Hani|[[wikt:東京|'''東'''京]] [[wikt:芝浦|'''芝'''浦]] [[wikt:電気|電気]]}}). It was soon nicknamed Toshiba, but it was not until 1978 that the company was officially renamed Toshiba Corporation.{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}} The company was listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange in May 1949.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 December 2023 |title=Toshiba Delisted After 74 Years, Goes Private |website=[[Nasdaq]] |publisher=RTTNews |url=https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/toshiba-delisted-after-74-years-goes-private}}</ref>

[[File:Expo85 toshiba.jpg|thumb|left|The Toshiba pavilion at [[Expo '85]]]]
The group expanded rapidly, driven by a combination of organic growth and by acquisitions, buying heavy engineering, and primary industry firms in the 1940s and 1950s. Groups created include [[EMI Music Japan|Toshiba Music Industries/Toshiba EMI]] (1960), Toshiba International Corporation (the 1970s), Toshiba Electrical Equipment (1974), Toshiba Chemical (1974), Toshiba Lighting and Technology (1989), Toshiba America Information Systems (1989) and Toshiba Carrier Corporation (1999). The first mini-split ductless [[air conditioner]] was sold in 1961 by Toshiba in Japan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://shouene-kaden.net/try/kaden/air-con.html#:~:text=1953%E5%B9%B4%20%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%88%9D%E3%81%AE,%E5%88%9D%E3%82%81%E3%81%A6%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A3%E3%81%95%E3%82%8C%E3%81%BE%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E3%80%82|title=エアコンの歴史とヒミツ &#124; 調べよう家電と省エネ &#124; キッズ版 省エネ家電 de スマートライフ（一般財団法人 家電製品協会） 学ぼう！スマートライフ|website=shouene-kaden.net|access-date=2024-01-21|archive-date=2022-09-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907192752/https://shouene-kaden.net/try/kaden/air-con.html#:~:text=1953%E5%B9%B4%20%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%88%9D%E3%81%AE,%E5%88%9D%E3%82%81%E3%81%A6%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A3%E3%81%95%E3%82%8C%E3%81%BE%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E3%80%82|url-status=live}}</ref>

Toshiba is responsible for a number of Japanese firsts, including radar (1912){{Citation needed|reason=1912 is earlier than both Toshiba and Japan claim to have developed radar, should this be 1942?|date=May 2022}}, the TAC digital computer (1954), transistor television, color CRTs<ref>{{Cite web |title=Toshiba : Press Releases 21 December, 1995 |url=https://www.toshiba.co.jp/about/press/1995_12/pr2101.htm |website=www.toshiba.co.jp}}</ref> and microwave oven (1959), [[videophone|color video phone]] (1971), Japanese [[word processor]] (1978), MRI system (1982), personal computer [[Toshiba Pasopia|Pasopia]] (1981), laptop personal computer (1986), NAND EEPROM (1991), DVD (1995), the [[Libretto (notebook)|Libretto]] sub-notebook personal computer (1996) and [[HD DVD]] (2005). In 1977, Toshiba acquired the Brazilian company Semp (Sociedade Eletromercantil Paulista), subsequently forming Semp Toshiba through the combination of the two companies' South American operations.

[[File:TOSHIBA Logo 1950.svg|alt=In 1950, Tokyo Shibaura Denki was renamed Toshiba. This logo was used from 1950 to 1969.|thumb|In 1950, Tokyo Shibaura Denki was renamed Toshiba. This logo, known as the "Umbrella Mark", was used from 1950 to 1969, and then as a primary logo between 1969 and 1984. It was also used later on for hard drives.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Toshiba : History of Toshiba's Corporate Logo |url=http://www.toshiba.co.jp/worldwide/about/logotypes.html |access-date=26 January 2017 |website=www.toshiba.co.jp |language=en}}</ref>]] [[File:TOSHIBA Logo 1969.svg|thumb|Toshiba's secondary logo used from 1969 to 1984, used in tandem with the umbrella logo above<ref name="toshiba.co.jp">{{Cite web |title=Toshiba : History of Toshiba's Corporate Logo |url=http://www.toshiba.co.jp/worldwide/about/logotypes.html |access-date=25 February 2016 |website=www.toshiba.co.jp}}</ref>]]
[[File:Toshiba logo.svg|thumb|Toshiba logo, used since 1984<ref name="toshiba.co.jp" />]]
In 1987, Toshiba Machine, a subsidiary of Toshiba, was accused of illegally selling CNC [[milling machine]]s used to produce very quiet [[submarine]] propellers to the [[Soviet Union]] in violation of the [[CoCom]] agreement, an international [[embargo]] on certain countries to [[COMECON]] countries. The [[Toshiba-Kongsberg scandal]] involved a subsidiary of Toshiba and the Norwegian company [[Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace|Kongsberg Vaapenfabrikk]]. The incident strained relations between the [[United States]] and [[Japan]], and resulted in the arrest and prosecution of two senior executives, as well as the imposition of [[Economic sanctions|sanctions]] on the company by both countries.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Seeman |first=Roderick |date=April 1987 |title=Toshiba Case—CoCom – Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Control Revision |publisher=The Japan Lawletter |url=http://japanlaw.info/lawletter/april87/fdf.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=18 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927102631/http://japanlaw.info/lawletter/april87/fdf.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 }}</ref> Senator [[John Heinz]] of Pennsylvania said: "What Toshiba and Kongsberg did was ransom the security of the United States for $517 million."

[[File:TOSHIBA JW-10.JPG|thumb|World-first Japanese [[word processor]] Toshiba JW-10 (1979)]]