Editing Tonkin (section)

===17th and 18th centuries===
During the 17th and 18th centuries, Westerners commonly used the name Tonkin (from ''Đông Kinh'') to refer to ''[[Đàng Ngoài]]'' in the North, ruled by the [[Trịnh lords]]. ''Đàng Ngoài'', or ''Bắc Hà'', included not only the delta of the Red River, but also the deltas of the [[Mã River]] and [[Cả River]]. Meanwhile, [[Cochinchina]] or Quinan was used to refer to ''[[Đàng Trong]]'' in the South, ruled by the [[Nguyễn lords]]; and [[Names of Vietnam|Annam]], from the name of the [[Annam (province)|former Chinese province]], was used to refer to Vietnam as a whole.<ref>Bruce McFarland Lockhart, William J. Duiker, ''The A to Z of Viêt Nam'', Scarecrow Press, 2010, pages 40, 365-366</ref>