Editing Tiye (section)

== Burial and mummy ==
[[File:QueenTiyFuneraryMask-AltesMuseum-Berlin.png|thumb|left|Fragmentary funerary mask of Queen Tiye from KV35 in the [[Egyptian Museum of Berlin|Ägyptisches Museum]].]]
[[File:Granite Head of Queen Tiye.jpg|thumb|right|Granite Head of Queen Tiye at the [[Egyptian Museum]].]]

Tiye is believed to have been originally buried in the [[Royal Tomb of Akhenaten|Royal Tomb]] at [[Amarna]] alongside her son Akhenaten and granddaughter, [[Meketaten]]. Evidence shows the two northern pillars of the incomplete pillared hall were removed to accommodate a sarcophagus plinth<ref name="Martin 1989 p.21">{{cite book |last1=Martin |first1=G. T. |title=The Royal Tomb at El-'Amarna. The Rock Tombs of El-'Amarna, Part 8. Volume 2 |date=1989 |publisher=Egypt Exploration Society |location=London |page=21}}</ref> and  pieces of her smashed sarcophagus were found in and around the burial chamber.<ref name="Gabolde 1998 p.134-36">{{cite book |last1=Gabolde |first1=M. |title=D'Akhenaton à Toutânkhamon |date=1998 |publisher=Université Lumière-Lyon |location=Lyon |pages=134–36}}</ref> Analysis of the badly damaged decoration on the left wall beyond the plinth also indicates that Tiye was buried there. In a depiction that closely resembles the mourning of Meketaten in chamber γ, a figure stands beneath a floral canopy while the royal family grieves. The figure wears a queenly sash but cannot be Nefertiti because she is shown with the mourners. Therefore, the figure in the canopy is most likely to be Tiye.<ref name="Dodson 2018 p.25">{{cite book |last1=Dodson |first1=Aidan |title=Amarna sunset : Nefertiti, Tutankhamun, Ay, Horemheb, and the Egyptian counter-reformation |date=2018 |publisher=The American University in Cairo Press |location=Cairo |isbn=978-977-416-859-8 |page=25 |edition=  Revised }}</ref> Tiye's sarcophagus was likely contained within multiple nested shrines, like those of her grandson [[Tutankhamun]]. The inscription on a portion of such a shrine found in [[KV55]] indicates that Akhenaten had the shrines made for his mother.<ref name="Davis 1910 p.xiii">{{cite book |last1=Davis |first1=T. M. |title=The Tomb of Queen Tȋyi |date=1910 |publisher=Archibald Constable |location=Westminster}}</ref>
[[File:Tiye shrine.JPG|thumb|200x200px|Tiye shrine]]
Following the move of the capital back to Thebes, Tiye, along with others buried in the royal tomb, were transferred to the Valley of the Kings. The presence of pieces of one of her gilded burial shrines in KV55 indicate she was likely interred there for a time.<ref name="Dodson 2018 p.76">{{cite book |last1=Dodson |first1=Aidan |title=Amarna sunset : Nefertiti, Tutankhamun, Ay, Horemheb, and the Egyptian counter-reformation |date=2018 |publisher=The American University in Cairo Press |location=Cairo |isbn=978-977-416-859-8 |page=76 |edition=  Revised }}</ref> Provisions had been made during the reign of her husband Amenhotep III for her burial within his tomb, [[WV22]]. [[Shabti]] figures belonging to her were found in this tomb.{{sfn|Dodson|Hilton|2004|p=157}}

[[File:TheElderLady-61070-FrontView-PlateXCVII-TheRoyalMummies-1912.gif|thumb|The mummy of Queen Tiye, front view, taken in 1912, back when it was still known as the ''Elder Lady''. Damage to the chest of the mummy, made by tomb robbers, is visible.]]

In 1898, three sets of mummified remains were found in a side chamber of the tomb of [[Amenhotep II]] in [[KV35]] by [[Victor Loret]]. One was an older woman and the other two were a young boy who died at around the age of ten, thought to be [[Webensenu]] or Prince Thutmose, and a younger, unknown woman. The three were found lying naked side-by-side and unidentified, having been unwrapped in antiquity by tomb robbers. The mummy of the older woman, who would later be identified as Tiye, was referred to by Egyptologists as the 'Elder Lady' while the other woman was '[[The Younger Lady (mummy)|The Younger Lady]]'. Several researchers argued that the Elder Lady was Queen Tiye. There were other scholars who were skeptical of this theory, such as British scholars Aidan Dodson and Dyan Hilton, who once stated that "it seems very unlikely that her mummy could be the so-called 'Elder Lady' in the tomb of Amenhotep II."{{sfn|Dodson|Hilton|2004|p=157}} 

[[File:TheElderLady-61070-RightProfileView-PlateXCVII-TheRoyalMummies-1912.gif|thumb|Queen Tiye mummy, side view]]

A nest of four miniature coffins inscribed with her name and containing a lock of hair<ref>{{cite web |last1=320e |title=Griffith Institute: Carter Archives - 320e |url=http://www.griffith.ox.ac.uk/perl/gi-ca-qmakesumm.pl?sid=101.98.177.8-1561896904&qno=1&curr=320e |website=www.griffith.ox.ac.uk |access-date=2019-06-30 |archive-date=2020-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621231813/http://www.griffith.ox.ac.uk/perl/gi-ca-qmakesumm.pl?sid=101.98.177.8-1561896904&qno=1&curr=320e |url-status=live }}</ref> was found in the tomb of her grandson [[Tutankhamun]] – perhaps a memento from a beloved grandmother.{{sfn|Dodson|Hilton|2004|p=157}} In 1976, microprobe analysis conducted on hair samples from the Elder Lady and the lock from the inscribed coffins found the two were a near perfect match, thereby identifying the Elder Lady as Tiye.<ref name="Harris et al 1978 p.1151">{{cite journal |last1=Harris |first1=James E. |last2=Wente |first2=Edward F. |last3=Cox |first3=Charles F. |last4=El Nawaway |first4=Ibrahim |last5=Kowalski |first5=Charles J. |last6=Storey |first6=Arthur T. |last7=Russell |first7=William R. |last8=Ponitz |first8=Paul V. |last9=Walker |first9=Geoffrey F. |title=Mummy of the "Elder Lady" in the Tomb of Amenhotep II: Egyptian Museum Catalog Number 61070 |journal=Science |date=1978 |volume=200 |issue=4346 |page=1151 |issn=0036-8075|jstor=1746491 |bibcode=1978Sci...200.1149H |doi=10.1126/science.349693 |pmid=349693 }}</ref>

[[File:Mummy of Queen Tiye of Egypt.jpg|thumb|The Mummy of Queen Tiye, now at the [[National Museum of Egyptian Civilization]] in [[Cairo]]]]
By 2010, [[DNA]] analysis, sponsored by the Secretary General of the Egyptian Supreme Council of Antiquities [[Zahi Hawass]], was able to formally identify the Elder Lady as Queen Tiye.<ref name="autogenerated640">Hawass, Zahi et al. "Ancestry and Pathology in King Tutankhamun's Family" <cite>The Journal of the American Medical Association</cite> pp.640-641</ref> She was found to be about 40–50 years old at the time of her death, and {{convert|145|cm|ftin|abbr=on}} tall.<ref name="Hawass Saleem 2016 p.77">{{cite book |last1=Hawass |first1=Zahi |last2=Saleem |first2=Sahar N. |title=Scanning the Pharaohs: CT Imaging of the New Kingdom Royal Mummies |date=2016 |publisher=The American University in Cairo Press |location=Cairo |isbn=978-977-416-673-0 |page=77}}</ref> DNA results published in 2020 revealed that Tiye had the [[Haplogroup K (mtDNA)|mtDNA haplogroup K]] (as did her mother, [[Thuya]]). Tiye's father [[Yuya]] was found to have the Y-DNA haplogroup [[Haplogroup G-M201|G2a]] and mtDNA haplogroup K.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353306320 |title=Guardian of Ancient Egypt: Essays in Honor of Zahi Hawass |date=2020 |chapter=Maternal and paternal lineages in King Tutankhamun’s family |publisher=Czech Institute of Egyptology |last1=Gad |first1=Yehia |isbn=978-80-7308-979-5 |pages=497–518}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://academic.oup.com/hmg/article/30/R1/R24/5924364 |journal=Human Molecular Genetics |volume=30 |issue=R1 |date=2020 |title=Insights from ancient DNA analysis of Egyptian human mummies: clues to disease and kinship |last1=Gad |first1=Yehia |doi=10.1093/hmg/ddaa223 |pages=R24–R28|pmid=33059357 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

Her mummy has the inventory number CG 61070.<ref name=Habicht>{{cite journal |last1=Habicht |first1=M.E|last2=Bouwman |first2=A.S|last3=Rühli |first3=F.J |date=25 January 2016 |title=Identifications of ancient Egyptian royal mummies from the 18th Dynasty reconsidered |journal=Yearbook of Physical Anthropology |volume=159 |issue=S61 |pages=216–231 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.22909 |pmid=26808107|doi-access=free }}</ref> In April 2021 her mummy was moved from the [[Museum of Egyptian Antiquities]] to [[National Museum of Egyptian Civilization]] along with those of three other queens and 18 kings in an event termed the [[Pharaohs' Golden Parade]].<ref name=Parisse>{{cite news |last=Parisse |first=Emmanuel |date=5 April 2021 |title=22 Ancient Pharaohs Have Been Carried Across Cairo in an Epic 'Golden Parade' |url=https://www.sciencealert.com/22-ancient-pharaohs-have-been-carried-across-cairo-in-an-epic-golden-parade |work=ScienceAlert |access-date=5 April 2021 |archive-date=27 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327201021/https://www.sciencealert.com/22-ancient-pharaohs-have-been-carried-across-cairo-in-an-epic-golden-parade |url-status=live }}</ref>