Editing Timpani (section)

==== Pedal timpani ====
By far the most common type of timpani used today are pedal timpani, which allows the tension of the head to be adjusted using a pedal mechanism. Typically, the pedal is connected to the tension screws via an assembly of either [[cast metal]] or metal rods called the ''spider''.

[[File:Dresden pedal.jpg|thumb|left|A pedal on a ''Dresden'' timpano—the clutch (seen here on the left) must be disengaged to change the pitch of the drum.]]
[[File:Timpani, Yamaha pedal timpani.jpg|thumb|The inside, bottom of a Yamaha pedal timpano, showing the mechanical tension-adjusting system]]
There are three types of pedal mechanisms in common use today:
* The ''ratchet clutch'' system uses a [[Ratchet (device)|ratchet and pawl]] to hold the pedal in place. The timpanist must first disengage the clutch before using the pedal to tune the drum. When the desired pitch is achieved, the timpanist must then reengage the clutch. Because the ratchet engages in only a fixed set of positions, the timpanist must fine-tune the drum by means of a fine-tuning handle.
* In the ''balanced action'' system, a spring or [[hydraulic cylinder]] is used to balance the tension on the head so the pedal will stay in position and the head will stay at pitch. The pedal on a balanced action drum is sometimes called a ''floating pedal'' since there is no clutch holding it in place.
* The ''friction clutch'' or ''post and clutch'' system uses a clutch that moves along a post. Disengaging the clutch frees it from the post, allowing the pedal to move without restraint.

Professional-level timpani use either the ratchet or friction system and have copper bowls. These drums can have one of two styles of pedals. The ''Dresden'' pedal is attached at the side nearest the timpanist and is operated by ankle motion. A ''Berlin''-style pedal is attached by means of a long arm to the opposite side of the timpani, and the timpanist must use their entire leg to adjust the pitch. In addition to a pedal, high-end instruments have a hand-operated fine-tuner, which allows the timpanist to make minute pitch adjustments. The pedal is on either the left or right side of the drum depending on the direction of the setup.

Most school bands and orchestras below a [[university]] level use less expensive, more durable timpani with copper, fiberglass, or aluminum bowls. The mechanical parts of these instruments are almost completely contained within the frame and bowl. They may use any of the pedal mechanisms, though the balanced action system is by far the most common, followed by the friction clutch system. Many professionals also use these drums for outdoor performances due to their durability and lighter weight. The pedal is in the center of the drum itself.