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Timeline of black hole physics
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=== After 1960s === * 1972 β Identification of [[Cygnus X-1]]/HDE 226868 from dynamic observations as the first binary with a stellar black hole candidate<ref name=aaa305_871>{{cite journal | last=Bombaci | first=I. | title=The maximum mass of a neutron star | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | date=1996 | volume=305 | pages=871β877 | bibcode=1996A&A...305..871B | arxiv=astro-ph/9608059 | doi=10.1086/310296 | s2cid=119085893 }}</ref> * 1972 β [[Stephen Hawking]] proves that the area of a classical black hole's event horizon cannot decrease{{sfn|White|Gribbin|2002|p=146}}{{sfn|Larsen|2005|p=41}} * 1972 β [[James M. Bardeen|James Bardeen]], Brandon Carter, and [[Stephen Hawking]] propose four laws of black hole [[mechanics]] in analogy with the laws of [[thermodynamics]] * 1972 β [[Jacob Bekenstein]] suggests that black holes have an [[entropy]] [[Proportionality (mathematics)|proportional]] to their surface area due to information loss effects * 1974 β Stephen Hawking applies [[quantum field theory]] to black hole spacetimes and shows that black holes will radiate particles with a [[black-body spectrum]] which can cause black hole evaporation<ref>{{cite Q|Q55872061|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Q|Q54017915}}</ref> * 1975 β [[James Bardeen]] and Jacobus Petterson show that the swirl of spacetime around a [[rotating black hole|spinning black hole]] can act as a gyroscope stabilizing the orientation of the accretion disc and jets<ref name="Thorne" /> * 1989 β Identification of [[microquasar]] [[V404 Cygni]] as a binary black hole candidate system * 1989 - [[Eric Poisson]] and [[Werner Israel]] theorize the concept of mass-inflation, a phenomena in which the curvature and gravitational mass parameter inside a [[Kerr metric|spinning]] or [[Reissner-Nordstrom metric|charged]] black hole grow to infinity as one approaches the [[Cauchy horizon|inner horizon]], causing an infalling observer to experience a singularity at the inner horizon of the black hole.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Poisson |first1=Eric |last2=Israel |first2=Werner |date=October 1989 |title=Inner-horizon instability and mass inflation in black holes |url=https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.63.1663 |journal=Physical Review Letters |volume=63 |issue=16 |publisher=American Physical Society |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.63.1663 |access-date=13 May 2025}}</ref> * 1994 β [[Charles Townes]] and colleagues observe ionized [[neon]] gas swirling around the center of our Galaxy at such high velocities that a possible black hole mass at the very center must be approximately equal to that of 3 million suns<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Genzel|first1=R|last2=Hollenbach|first2=D|last3=Townes|first3=C H|date=1994-05-01|title=The nucleus of our Galaxy|journal=Reports on Progress in Physics|volume=57|issue=5|pages=417β479|doi=10.1088/0034-4885/57/5/001|issn=0034-4885|bibcode=1994RPPh...57..417G|s2cid=250900662}}</ref>
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