Editing Tiberias (section)

====Herodian period====
Tiberias was founded sometime around 18–20 CE in the [[Herodian Tetrarchy]] of Galilee and [[Perea]] by the Roman [[client state|client king]] [[Herod Antipas]], son of [[Herod the Great]].<ref name=thedate>John Everett Heath, ''The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names'' (Oxford 2017) gives the date 18 CE in the entry for Tiberias. Geoffrey Bromiley in the ''International Standard Bible Encyclopedia'' Vol 2, 1979 gives the date 20 CE. They both say it was built where the village of Rakkat used to be.</ref> Herod Antipas made it the capital of his realm in Galilee and named it after the [[Roman emperor]] [[Tiberius]].<ref name="JewishEnc2" /> The city was built in immediate proximity to a spa which had developed around seventeen natural mineral hot springs, [[Hammat Tiberias]]. Tiberias was at first a strictly pagan city, but later became populated mainly by Jews, with its growing spiritual and religious status exerting a strong influence on [[balneotherapy|balneological]] practices.<ref name="Erfurt-CooperCooper20092" />{{dubious|... and highly so. Judaism and balneotherapy do not mix.|date=August 2016}} Conversely, in ''[[Antiquities of the Jews]]'', the Roman-Jewish historian [[Josephus]] calls the village with hot springs Emmaus, today's Hammat Tiberias, located near Tiberias.<ref name="JAoJ2">Josephus, ''Antiquities of the Jews'' [[wikisource:The Antiquities of the Jews/Book XVIII#Chapter 2|XVIII.2.3]]</ref>{{Citation needed|date=November 2020}} This name also appears in his work ''[[The Jewish War]]''.<ref>Josephus, Flavius, ''The Jewish Wars'', translated by William Whiston, Book 4, chapter 1, paragraph 3</ref>

Under the [[Roman Empire]], the city was known by its [[Koine Greek]] name '''Τιβεριάς''' (''Tiberiás'', {{langx|el|Τιβεριάδα|Tiveriáda}}).{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}

In the days of Herod Antipas, some of the most religiously orthodox [[Jews]], who were struggling against the process of [[Hellenisation]], which had affected even some [[Kohen|priestly groups]], refused to settle there: the presence of a [[cemetery]] rendered the site ritually unclean for the Jews and particularly for the priestly [[caste]]. Antipas settled many non-Jews there from rural Galilee and other parts of his domains in order to populate his new capital, and built a palace on the [[acropolis]].<ref name="MDotB2" />{{dubious|Acropolis usually implies a height, which is not the case for Tib.|date=August 2016}} The prestige of Tiberias was so great that the Sea of Galilee soon came to be named the Sea of Tiberias; however, the Jewish population continued to call it ''Yam HaKineret'', its traditional name.<ref name="MDotB2" /> The city was governed by a city council of 600 with a committee of ten until [[44 CE]], when a [[Procurator (ancient Rome)|Roman procurator]] was set over the city after the death of [[Herod Agrippa I]].<ref name="MDotB2" />

Tiberias is mentioned in {{bibleverse||John|6:23|NKJV}} as the location from which boats had sailed to the opposite, eastern side of the Sea of Galilee. The crowd seeking [[Jesus]] after the miraculous [[Feeding the multitude|feeding of the 5000]] used these boats to travel back to [[Capernaum]] on the north-western part of the lake.

In [[AD 61|61 CE]] [[Herod Agrippa II]] annexed the city to his kingdom whose capital was [[Banias|Caesarea Philippi]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}