Editing Thorin Oakenshield (section)

==Origins==
[[File:Hild and Hjadningavig on Hammars (I).JPG|thumb|Detail from the [[Stora Hammars stones|Stora Hammars I stone]], depicting the ''[[Hjaðningavíg]]''<ref>{{cite web |last=Dutton |first=Douglas Robert |title=Narratives: Hjaðningavíg |url=https://skaldic.abdn.ac.uk/db.php?id=6&if=myth&table=narrative |publisher=The Skaldic Project |access-date=5 May 2020}}</ref>]]

Tolkien adopted Thorin's names from the ''Dvergatal'', the list of Dwarves, in the [[Old Norse]] poem "[[Völuspá]]", which is part of the ''[[Poetic Edda]]''.<ref>{{ME-ref|Solopova|p. 20}}</ref> The name "Thorin" (''Þorinn'') appears in stanza 12, where it is used for a [[Norse Dwarves|dwarf]], and the name "Oakenshield" (''Eikinskjaldi'') in stanza 13. The name "Thorin" ultimately derives from that of the Norse god [[Thor]]; it means ''darer'' or ''bold one''.<ref>{{cite book |first=J.R.R. |last=Tolkien |editor-first=John D. |editor-last=Rateliff |editor-link=John D. Rateliff |title=The History of The Hobbit |volume=2 |chapter=Return to Bag End |publisher=[[Houghton Mifflin]] |date=2007 |isbn=978-0-00-725066-0 |title-link=The History of The Hobbit}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/poe/poe03.htm |title=Poetic Edda |access-date=27 September 2007 |last=Bellows |first=Henry Adams (trans.) |author-link=Henry Adams Bellows (businessman) |date=1936}}</ref> The names also appear in [[Snorri Sturluson]]'s ''[[Prose Edda]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Snorri |last=Sturluson |author-link=Snorri Sturluson |url=http://www.cybersamurai.net/Mythology/nordic_gods/LegendsSagas/Edda/ProseEdda/GylfaginningXI-XX.htm |title=Prose Edda |access-date=27 September 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927194935/http://www.cybersamurai.net/Mythology/nordic_gods/LegendsSagas/Edda/ProseEdda/GylfaginningXI-XX.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 |df=dmy-all}} Tr. [[Arthur Gilchrist Brodeur]].</ref>

[[Dwarf (folklore)|Dwarfs]] in [[Germanic folklore]] are skilled in metalwork, including making weapons, ships, rings and jewellery; they are knowledgeable, strong, and turn to stone in sunlight. They are characterised as having a strong association with gold, mining, wealth, living underneath mountains, and being long-lived, ungrateful, and getting into arguments about payment. The Tolkien critic [[Tom Shippey]] suggests that Tolkien's "master-text" for his Dwarves was the ''[[Hjaðningavíg]]''. In that legend, the Dwarves are characterised by [[revenge]], as in "the long and painful vengeance of [Thorin's father] Thráin for [Thorin's grandfather] Thrór", and Shippey argues that Tolkien chose these qualities for his Dwarves.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://norse-mythology.org/gods-and-creatures/Dwarves/ |title=Dwarves |last=McCoy |first=Daniel |website=norse-mythology.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Shippey |first=Tom |author-link=Tom Shippey |title=[[The Road to Middle-Earth]] |date=2005 |edition=Third |orig-year=1982 |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |isbn=978-0261102750 |pages=70–72}}</ref>