Editing Theocracy (section)

==== Holy See ====
{{Main|Politics of Vatican City}}
Following the [[Capture of Rome]] on 20 September 1870, the [[Papal States]] including Rome with the [[Holy See|Vatican]] were annexed by the [[Kingdom of Italy]]. In 1929, through the [[Lateran Treaty]] signed with the Italian Government, the new state of [[Vatican City]] was formally created and recognised as an independent state from [[Fascist Italy]].<ref name="wfbvat">{{cite web |title=CIA World Factbook – Holy See |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/holy-see-vatican-city/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126204237/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/holy-see-vatican-city/ |archive-date=2022-01-26 |access-date=2009-08-10 |publisher=[[CIA]]}}</ref> The head of state of the Vatican is the [[pope]], elected by the [[College of Cardinals]], an assembly of high-ranking clergy.<ref name="wfbvat"/> The pope is elected for life, and either dies in office, or in extremely rare situations may resign. The cardinals are appointed by the popes, who thereby choose the electors of their successors.

Voting is limited to cardinals under 80 years of age.<ref name="wfbvat"/> A Secretary for Relations with States, directly responsible for international relations, is appointed by the pope. The Vatican legal system is rooted in [[Canon law (Catholic Church)|canon law]]. The Bishop of Rome, as the [[Supreme Pontiff]], "has the fullness of legislative, executive and judicial powers."<ref>''[[Fundamental Law of Vatican City State]]'', Art. 1 §1</ref> Although the laws of Vatican City come from the secular laws of Italy, under article 3 of the Law of the Sources of the Law, a provision is made for the application of the "laws promulgated by the Kingdom of Italy".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Vatican.html |first1=Stephen |last1=Young |first2=Alison |last2=Shea |title=Researching the Law of the Vatican City State |work=[[GlobaLex]] |date=November 2007 |access-date=24 April 2018 |archive-date=13 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413231950/http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Vatican.html |url-status=live }}</ref>