Editing The Queen's College, Oxford (section)

== Buildings ==

=== Front Quad ===

The main entrance on the High Street leads to the front quad, which was built between 1709 and 1759. There are symmetrical ranges on the east and west sides, while at the back of the quad is a building containing the chapel and the hall.<ref name=":0" /> The architect [[Nicholas Hawksmoor]], a leading figure of the [[English Baroque architecture|English Baroque]] style, provided a number of designs that were not used directly but that heavily influenced the final design. In the cupola above the college entrance is a statue of the British queen [[Caroline of Ansbach]] by the sculptor [[Henry Cheere]]; the legend 'Carolina Regina, 12 November 1733' may be found marking the laying of the foundation stone of the screen wall, which is visible from the High Street.<ref name=":0" />

=== Back Quad ===
A second and older quad lies to the north of the hall and chapel. The west side consists of the library. The east side is the Williamson building, which was originally built to a design by the architect [[Christopher Wren]], known for his work in the [[English Baroque architecture|English Baroque]] style, but has been largely rebuilt since then.<ref name=":0" />

=== Chapel ===
[[File:Queen's Chapel.jpg|thumb|The Chapel, looking towards the [[Frobenius Orgelbyggeri|Frobenius]] organ|alt=|left|269x269px]]The chapel is noted for its [[Frobenius Orgelbyggeri|Frobenius]] organ in the west gallery.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.queenschoir.com/the-organ|title=The Organ|website=Choir of The Queen's College, Oxford|access-date=21 August 2019|archive-date=21 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821162621/https://www.queenschoir.com/the-organ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://npor.org.uk/NPORView.html?RI=N08080|title=The National Pipe Organ Register - NPOR|website=npor.org.uk|access-date=21 August 2019|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512084314/https://www.npor.org.uk/NPORView.html?RI=N08080|url-status=live}}</ref> It was installed in 1965, replacing a [[Rushworth and Dreaper]] organ from 1931. The earliest mention of an organ is 1826. The Chapel Choir has been described as "Oxford's finest mixed-voice choir" and continues to perform termly concerts, recent examples of  which include Handel's ''[[Messiah (Handel)|Messiah]]'' and Bach's ''[[St John Passion]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guildmusic.com/artists/choirqco.htm|title=The Chapel Choir of The Queen's College Oxford|access-date=27 April 2007|work=Guild Records page|archive-date=16 April 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070416013627/http://www.guildmusic.com/artists/choirqco.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.queenschoir.com/archive/|title=Archive|website=Choir of The Queen's College, Oxford|access-date=12 April 2015|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221220/http://www.queenschoir.com/archive/|url-status=live}}</ref> The chapel has stood virtually unchanged since it was consecrated by the [[Archbishop of York]] in 1719.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

Holy Communion is celebrated every Sunday morning and at other times, and is open to all communicant members of any Christian church or denomination. The Sunday evening service takes the traditional form of Choral Evensong, which is also held on Wednesday and Friday evenings during term. Morning and evening prayer is said daily, and at other times some like to use the stillness for their own prayer. Baptisms, confirmations, and weddings are also conducted for members or former members of the College.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}
[[File:The Queen's College Upper Library.jpg|thumb|284x284px|The Baroque Upper Library (feat. one of the C18 Senex globes)]]

=== Library ===

==== The Upper Library ====
The Upper Library has been a focal point for the College ever since its construction at the end of the 17th century. The ceiling plasterwork, its most outstanding feature, was designed by James Hands, whilst the library itself was built by John Townsend. The designer remains unknown, although a likely candidate is [[Henry Aldrich]], who was Bishop of Oxford and Dean of Christ Church, as well as chief communicator between Christopher Wren and the College whilst the Back Quad was being designed.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the Library|url=https://www.queens.ox.ac.uk/library-and-your-studies/history-of-the-library/|access-date=23 September 2024|website=The Queen's College, Oxford}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Schapiro|first=Meyer|title=Theory and philosophy of art: style, artist, and society|date=1994|publisher=George Braziller|isbn=978-0-8076-1357-3|series=Selected papers|location=New York}}</ref> Unlike many other similar rooms in Oxford libraries, the Upper Library remains as a silent reading room for students open during staffed hours.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.queens.ox.ac.uk/library/opening-hours/|title=Opening Hours - The Queen's College|work=ox.ac.uk|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117052447/http://www.queens.ox.ac.uk/library/opening-hours/|archive-date=17 January 2016}}</ref>

===== Eighteenth Century Globes and Orrery =====
On display in the middle of the library are two eighteenth century [[Papier-mâché|papier maché]] Senex [[globe]]s and an [[orrery]] from the same period. [[John Senex]] was the foremost globe maker of the eighteenth century,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dorothy Sloan–Rare Books: Auction 22|url=https://www.dsloan.com/Auctions/A22/item-map-senex-1725.html#:~:text=John%20Senex%20(1678-1740),Society%20on%20July%2024,%201728.|access-date=22 September 2020|website=dsloan.com|archive-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002003421/https://www.dsloan.com/Auctions/A22/item-map-senex-1725.html#:~:text=John%20Senex%20(1678-1740),Society%20on%20July%2024,%201728.|url-status=live}}</ref> and also crafted the miniature globe featured in the orrery. The globes are now found in cases that were designed and fitted by Welsh furniture designer Bernard Allen in 2007, after being removed from the library for a period of time in 2002 for structural repair and restoration by renowned English globe conservator Sylvia Sumira.{{Citation needed|date=September 2020}}

The [[Benjamin Cole (instrument maker)|Benjamin Cole]] orrery was a gift to the College in 1763 from a Group of Gentleman Commoners of the College, recorded in two entries in the Benefactors' Book, as well as on an inscription in the lunar calendar scale.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bridgwater|first=David|date=28 December 2018|title=Bath, Art and Architecture: John Vanderstein at Queen's College, Oxford - Part 12, The Upper Library Doorcase - with some notes concerning the Orrery by Benjamin Cole|url=http://bathartandarchitecture.blogspot.com/2018/12/john-vanderstein-at-queens.html|access-date=22 September 2020|website=Bath, Art and Architecture|archive-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002000715/http://bathartandarchitecture.blogspot.com/2018/12/john-vanderstein-at-queens.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The instrument is made of [[brass]], [[steel]], and [[wood]], contained within a wooden case and resting on a mahogany stand with a glazed cover.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Betts|first=Jonathan|date=December 2016|title=Excerpt from A report following the servicing and inspection of The Queen's College Grand Orrery, 2016|url=https://www.queens.ox.ac.uk/sites/www.queens.ox.ac.uk/files/insight-michaelmas-term-2016.pdf|journal=The Queen's College Library 'Insight'|issue=6, Michaelmas 2016|pages=15|access-date=22 September 2020|archive-date=15 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715014609/https://www.queens.ox.ac.uk/sites/www.queens.ox.ac.uk/files/insight-michaelmas-term-2016.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Johnathan Betts, in an ''Excerpt from A report following the servicing and inspection of The Queen's College Grand Orrery'' in 2016, describes the instrument as standing<blockquote>on a fine mahogany table with six finely carved cabriole legs, the whole covered with a multi-panelled protective glass shade which can be locked securely onto the table, preventing access to the orrery.<ref name=":1" /></blockquote>In the same article, Betts illustrates the orrery,<blockquote>fitted in a mahogany twelve-sided case, with lacquered brass mounts and surmounted, on a brass pillared gallery, with a large lacquered brass hemispherical armillary structure. The mechanical orrery itself incorporates within its compass the solar system out to Mars, including the Earth and Moon, with additional mountings fixed on the outside of the case for attaching static models of Jupiter and Saturn.<ref name=":1" /></blockquote>The turning of the orrery is a traditional event at Queen's, done by hand only once every few years or on special occasions. Only two people are permitted to turn the orrery: the Patroness of the College, a position most recently occupied by The Queen Mother, and the [[Sedleian Professor of Natural Philosophy]], a Fellow of Queen's.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Shaw|first=Tessa|date=September 2011|title=The orrery in the Upper Library|url=https://www.queens.ox.ac.uk/sites/www.queens.ox.ac.uk/files/Insight2011.pdf|journal=The Queen's College Library 'Insight'|issue=1, Michaelmas 2011|pages=15|access-date=22 September 2020|archive-date=15 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715020459/https://www.queens.ox.ac.uk/sites/www.queens.ox.ac.uk/files/Insight2011.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> This event most recently took place on 4 February 2020, during the Hilary term, with professor [[Jonathan Keating]] as the honorary orrery-turner.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

==== The Lower and New Libraries ====
The open cloister below the Upper Library was enclosed in the 19th century to form the Lower Library, which now houses the bulk of the lending collection. The lending collection consists of around 50,000<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.queens.ox.ac.uk/current-students|title=The Queen's College, Oxford|website=queens.ox.ac.uk|access-date=30 April 2017|archive-date=13 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413042805/https://www.queens.ox.ac.uk/current-students|url-status=live}}</ref> with an additional 70,000 items in the special collections available by appointment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.queens.ox.ac.uk/researchers|title=The Queen's College, Oxford|website=queens.ox.ac.uk|access-date=30 April 2017|archive-date=13 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413044421/https://www.queens.ox.ac.uk/researchers|url-status=live}}</ref> In April 2017 the New Library opened<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.queens.ox.ac.uk/news/new-library-opens-students|title=The Queen's College, Oxford|website=queens.ox.ac.uk|access-date=30 April 2017|archive-date=13 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713093718/https://www.queens.ox.ac.uk/news/new-library-opens-students|url-status=live}}</ref> beneath the Provost's Garden,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.queens.ox.ac.uk/new-library|title=The Queen's College, Oxford|website=queens.ox.ac.uk|access-date=30 April 2017|archive-date=13 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113105548/http://www.queens.ox.ac.uk/new-library|url-status=live}}</ref> with an official opening by Old Member [[Rowan Atkinson]] taking place in November of the same year.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The right thing at the right time|url=https://www.queens.ox.ac.uk/news/right-thing-right-time|access-date=19 September 2020|website=The Queen's College, Oxford|archive-date=14 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014172007/https://www.queens.ox.ac.uk/news/right-thing-right-time|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Annexes ===
Queen's is able to provide accommodation for all of its undergraduates, who are divided between the college's main buildings and annexes nearby. Adjacent to college is Carrodus Quad, located just across Queen's Lane. It has been completely refurbished, and now has approximately 80 en-suite rooms for first-year students, as well as a few second- and third-/final-year students with access requirements. The building also houses a conference room, one of the college's music practice rooms (the other one being located in the Back Quad of the main college), and the college gym. The college also owns the Cardo Building opposite the Oxford University Sports centre on [[Iffley Road]] (where [[Roger Bannister]] ran the first ever [[four-minute mile]] in 1954). This building is home to a mixture of second and third years, and features a common room, breakfast room and the college's two squash courts. Near the Cardo Building is the James Street Building, the smallest of the annexes with twelve rooms.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

The [[Florey Building]] in [[St Clement's, Oxford|St Clement's]], designed by [[James Stirling (architect)|James Stirling]] and named after former Queen's Provost and Nobel Prize winner [[Howard Florey]], is a former annex that housed most of the college's first years until 2018, when it fell into disuse following complications that arose in attempts to refurbish the building.<ref>{{Cite web|date=27 April 2016|title=Agenda item - Florey Building, 23-24 St Clement's Street:15/03643/FUL|url=https://mycouncil.oxford.gov.uk/mgAi.aspx?ID=11854|access-date=19 September 2020|website=mycouncil.oxford.gov.uk|archive-date=28 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028175940/https://mycouncil.oxford.gov.uk/mgAi.aspx?ID=11854|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Residents hit out at "grotesque" Florey Building extension in East Oxford after plans approved|url=https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/14461712.residents-hit-grotesque-florey-building-extension-east-oxford-plans-approved/|access-date=19 September 2020|website=Oxford Mail|date=29 April 2016|archive-date=15 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015233848/https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/14461712.residents-hit-grotesque-florey-building-extension-east-oxford-plans-approved/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Marrs|first=Colin|date=19 February 2016|title=Avanti's new plans for Florey come under fire|url=https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/news/avantis-new-plans-for-florey-come-under-fire|access-date=19 September 2020|website=The Architects' Journal|archive-date=21 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230921100328/https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/news/avantis-new-plans-for-florey-come-under-fire|url-status=live}}</ref> It contains nearly 80 rooms; those on the top floor have a mezzanine level where the students' beds were located. At one end of the building on the ground floor, there is a common room and a breakfast room. Following the closure of the [[Florey Building]] in 2018,<ref>{{Cite web|title=St Aldate's House {{!}} The Queen's MCR {{!}} University of Oxford|url=https://mcr.queens.ox.ac.uk/accommodation/st_aldates_house|access-date=19 September 2020|website=mcr.queens.ox.ac.uk|archive-date=18 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018044456/https://mcr.queens.ox.ac.uk/accommodation/st_aldates_house|url-status=live}}</ref> the former post-graduate annex, St Aldate's House, became the largest undergraduate annex at Queen's, with three floors, 90 en suite rooms, and kitchens shared with up to nine other students. The annex is situated down [[St Aldate's, Oxford|St Aldate's]] directly opposite the Christ Church Meadows, near [[Folly Bridge]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

While many postgraduate students choose to live outside College accommodation, two postgraduates annexes are provided: Oxley-Wright House, which is owned by the College, and a portion of the Venneit Close complex, which is rented from North Oxford Property Services (NOPS). The former is a large Victorian house on Banbury Road, near Summertown, with 13 rooms and a large garden.<ref name="mcr.queens.ox.ac.uk">{{Cite web|title=Oxley-Wright {{!}} The Queen's MCR {{!}} University of Oxford|url=https://mcr.queens.ox.ac.uk/accommodation/oxley-wright|access-date=19 September 2020|website=mcr.queens.ox.ac.uk|archive-date=28 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201228101745/https://mcr.queens.ox.ac.uk/accommodation/oxley-wright|url-status=live}}</ref> None of the rooms are en suite, and there are 3 bathrooms in the building, each shared between approximately 4 people.<ref name="mcr.queens.ox.ac.uk"/> The latter includes 18 apartments, each with three study bedrooms, two bathrooms, a kitchen (with a washing machine) and a dining/sitting room.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Venneit Close {{!}} The Queen's MCR {{!}} University of Oxford|url=https://mcr.queens.ox.ac.uk/accommodation/venneit-close|access-date=19 September 2020|website=mcr.queens.ox.ac.uk|archive-date=28 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201228101802/https://mcr.queens.ox.ac.uk/accommodation/venneit-close|url-status=live}}</ref>  Both annexes are within a 10- to 20-minute walk from the city centre.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

=== Gallery ===
<gallery mode="packed" class="center" heights="140">
File:Queens College Oxford 20040124.jpg|The Queen's College, view from the High Street
File:The Queen's College Upper Library (West side).jpg|View of the Upper Library, featuring the last remaining part of the medieval college
File:The Queen's College, Back Quad.jpg|The Queen's College, Back Quad
File:Queens-College-Oxford3.jpg|Back Quad, detail
</gallery>