Editing Tennessee (section)

===Statehood and antebellum era===
[[File:Map-of-tennassee-government-1796.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.35|alt=1796 map of Tennessee by surveyor Daniel Smith|Surveyor [[Daniel Smith (surveyor)|Daniel Smith]]'s "Map of the Tennassee State" (1796)]]

As support for statehood grew among the settlers, Governor Blount called for elections, which were held in December 1793.{{sfn|Corlew|Folmsbee|Mitchell|1981|pp=93–94}} The 13-member territorial House of Representatives first convened in Knoxville on February 24, 1794, to select ten members for the legislature's upper house, the council.{{sfn|Corlew|Folmsbee|Mitchell|1981|pp=93–94}} The full legislature convened on August 25, 1794.{{sfn|Langsdon|2000|pp=20–21}} In June 1795, the legislature conducted a census of the territory, which recorded a population of 77,263, including 10,613 slaves, and a poll that showed 6,504 in favor of statehood and 2,562 opposed.{{sfn|Corlew|Folmsbee|Mitchell|1981|p=95}}{{sfn|Langsdon|2000|p=22}} Elections for a constitutional convention were held in December 1795, and the delegates convened in Knoxville on January 17, 1796, to begin drafting a state constitution.{{sfn|Corlew|Folmsbee|Mitchell|1981|p=97}} During this convention, the name Tennessee was chosen for the new state.{{sfn|Langsdon|2000|p=23}} The constitution was completed on February 6, which authorized elections for the state's new legislature, the [[Tennessee General Assembly]].{{sfn|Langsdon|2000|p=24}}{{sfn|Corlew|Folmsbee|Mitchell|1981|p=99}} The legislature convened on March 28, 1796, and the next day, John Sevier was announced as the state's first governor.{{sfn|Langsdon|2000|p=24}}{{sfn|Corlew|Folmsbee|Mitchell|1981|p=99}} Tennessee was admitted to the Union on June 1, 1796, as the 16th state and the first created from federal territory.{{sfn|Langsdon|2000|pp=25–26}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Hubbard |first=Bill Jr. |title=American Boundaries: the Nation, the States, the Rectangular Survey |url=https://archive.org/details/americanboundari00jrbi |url-access=limited |year=2009 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-35591-7 |page=55 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref>

Tennessee reportedly earned the nickname "The Volunteer State" during the [[War of 1812]], when 3,500 Tennesseans answered a recruitment call by the General Assembly for the war effort.{{sfn|Corlew|Folmsbee|Mitchell|1981|pp=139–140}} These soldiers, under [[Andrew Jackson]]'s command, played a major role in the American victory at the [[Battle of New Orleans]] in 1815, the last major battle of the war.{{sfn|Corlew|Folmsbee|Mitchell|1981|pp=139–140}} Several Tennesseans took part in the [[Texas Revolution]] of 1835–36, including Governor [[Sam Houston]] and Congressman and frontiersman [[Davy Crockett]], who was killed at the [[Battle of the Alamo]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Karsch |first1=Robert F. |title=Tennessee's Interest in the Texan Revolution, 1835-1836 |journal=Tennessee Historical Magazine |year=1937 |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=206–239 |jstor=42638126 |publisher=Tennessee Historical Society |location=Nashville}}</ref> The state's nickname was solidified during the [[Mexican–American War]] when President [[James K. Polk]] of Tennessee issued a call for 2,800 soldiers from the state, and more than 30,000 volunteered.<ref name=tohm>{{cite web |url=http://www.tennesseehistory.com/archive/volpg.html |title=Why the Volunteer State |publisher=Tennessee Online History Magazine |access-date=April 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413134345/http://tennesseehistory.com/archive/volpg.html |archive-date=April 13, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:TheHermitage.jpg|thumb|right|alt=President Andrew Jackson's home ''The Hermitage'' in Nashville|''[[The Hermitage (Nashville, Tennessee)|The Hermitage]]'', plantation home of President [[Andrew Jackson]] in Nashville]]
Between the 1790s and 1820s, additional land cessions were negotiated with the Cherokee, who had established [[Cherokee Nation (1794–1907)|a national government]] modeled on the [[Constitution of the United States|U.S. Constitution]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Ehle |first=John |author-link=John Ehle |date=1988 |title=Trail of Tears: The Rise and Fall of the Cherokee Nation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MC2lR-lpmfwC |pages=155–188 |location=New York |publisher=Anchor Books |isbn=0-385-23954-8 |via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vanderbilt.edu/olli/class-materials/Spring2016CITWeek3.pdf |title=Treaties and Land Cessions Involving the Cherokee Nation |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=April 12, 2016 |publisher=Vanderbilt University |access-date=May 20, 2021 |archive-date=March 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327161021/https://www.vanderbilt.edu/olli/class-materials/Spring2016CITWeek3.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1818, Jackson and Kentucky governor [[Isaac Shelby]] reached an agreement with the Chickasaw to sell the land between the Mississippi and Tennessee Rivers to the United States, which included all of West Tennessee and became known as the "[[Jackson Purchase (U.S. historical region)|Jackson Purchase]]".{{sfn|Corlew|Folmsbee|Mitchell|1981|pp=149–150}} The Cherokee moved their capital from Georgia to the [[Red Clay State Park|Red Clay Council Grounds]] in southeastern Tennessee in 1832, due to new laws forcing them from their previous capital at [[New Echota]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Corn|first=James F.|date=1959|title=Red Clay and Rattlesnake Springs: A History of the Cherokee Indians of Bradley County, Tennessee|location=Marceline, Missouri|publisher=[[Walsworth Publishing Company]]|pages=67–70}}</ref> In 1838 and 1839, U.S. troops [[Cherokee removal|forcibly removed]] thousands of Cherokees and their black slaves from their homes in southeastern Tennessee and forced them to march to [[Indian Territory]] in modern-day [[Oklahoma]]. This event is known as the [[Trail of Tears]], and an estimated 4,000 died along the way.{{sfn|Satz|1979|p=103}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mtsuhistpres.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Hiwassee-River-Heritage-Center-Phase-II-Exhibit-Final-Panels-merged-compressed.pdf|title=Fort Cass|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=2013|website=mtsuhistpress.org|publisher=[[Middle Tennessee State University]]|location=Murfreesboro, Tennessee|access-date=November 7, 2020|archive-date=November 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108035059/https://www.mtsuhistpres.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Hiwassee-River-Heritage-Center-Phase-II-Exhibit-Final-Panels-merged-compressed.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:Tennessee Statehood Sesquicentennial, 3c, 1946 issue.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.1|in 1946 the U.S. Post Office issued a [[commemorative stamp]] celebrating the 150th anniversary of Tennessee statehood.]]
As settlers pushed west of the Cumberland Plateau, a slavery-based [[agrarian economy]] took hold in these regions.{{sfn|Lamon|1980|pp=9–12}} Cotton planters used extensive slave labor on large [[Plantation complexes in the Southern United States|plantation complexes]] in West Tennessee's fertile and flat terrain after the Jackson Purchase.{{sfn|Corlew|Folmsbee|Mitchell|1981|pp=209–212}} Cotton also took hold in the Nashville Basin during this time.{{sfn|Corlew|Folmsbee|Mitchell|1981|pp=209–212}} Entrepreneurs such as [[Montgomery Bell]] used slaves in the production of iron in the Western Highland Rim, and slaves also cultivated such crops as tobacco and corn throughout the Highland Rim.{{sfn|Lamon|1980|pp=9–12}} East Tennessee's geography did not allow for large plantations as in the middle and western parts of the state, and as a result, slavery became increasingly rare in the region.{{sfn|Corlew|Folmsbee|Mitchell|1981|p=210}} A strong [[Abolitionism in the United States|abolition movement]] developed in East Tennessee, beginning as early as 1797, and in 1819, [[Elihu Embree]] of [[Jonesborough, Tennessee|Jonesborough]] began publishing the ''[[Manumission Intelligencier]]'' (later ''The Emancipator''), the nation's first exclusively anti-slavery newspaper.{{sfn|Lamon|1980|pp=7–9}}<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Goodheart |first1=Lawrence B. |title=Tennessee's Antislavery Movement Reconsidered: The Example of Elihu Embree |journal=Tennessee Historical Quarterly |date=Fall 1982 |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=224–238 |jstor=42626297 |publisher=Tennessee Historical Society |location=Nashville}}</ref>
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