Editing Tehran (section)

=== Medieval period ===
In 641, during the reign of the [[Sasanian Empire]], [[Yazdegerd III|Yazdgerd III]] issued his last appeal to the nation from Rhages, before fleeing to Khorasan.<ref name="Minorsky" /> Rhages was dominated by the [[Parthian Empire|Parthian]] [[House of Mihran]], and [[Siyavakhsh]]—the son of [[Mihran Bahram-i Chubin|Mehran]], the son of [[Bahram Chobin]]—who resisted the seventh-century [[Muslim conquest of Persia|Muslim invasion of Iran]].<ref name="Minorsky" /> Because of this resistance, when the Arabs captured Rhages, they ordered the town destroyed and rebuilt anew by traitor aristocrat [[Farrukhzad]].<ref name="Minorsky" />

In the ninth century, Tehran was a well-known village, but less so than the city of Rhages, flourishing nearby. Rhages was described in detail by tenth-century Muslim geographers.<ref name="Minorsky" /> Despite the interest that Arabian [[Baghdad]] displayed in Rhages, the number of Arabs in the city remained insignificant and the population mainly consisted of Iranians of all classes.<ref name="Minorsky" /><ref>(Bulddan, Yackubl, 276)</ref>

The [[Oghuz Turks]] invaded Rhages in 1035, and again in 1042, but the city was recovered under the [[Seljuk Empire|Seljuks]] and the [[Khwarazmian dynasty|Khwarezmians]].<ref name="Minorsky" /> Medieval writer [[Najm al-Din Razi|Najm od Din Razi]] declared the population of Rhages about 500,000 before the [[Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia|Mongol invasion]]. In the 13th century, the [[Mongol Empire|Mongols]] invaded Rhages, laid the city to ruins, and massacred many of its inhabitants.<ref name="Minorsky" /> Others escaped to Tehran.

In July 1404, [[Crown of Castile|Castilian]] ambassador [[Ruy González de Clavijo]] visited Tehran on a journey to [[Samarkand]], the capital of Turco-Mongol conqueror [[Timur]], the ruler of Iran at the time. He described it in his diary as an unwalled region.