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===Glaciation=== The area currently classified as taiga in Europe and North America (except Alaska) was [[Wisconsin glaciation|recently glaciated]]. As the glaciers receded they left [[Kettle (geology)|depressions]] in the topography that have since filled with water, creating [[lake]]s and [[bog]]s (especially [[muskeg]] soil) found throughout the taiga. [[File:Yukon River near Carmacks, Yukon -a.jpg|thumb|right|[[Yukon River]], Canada. Several of the world's longest rivers go through the taiga, including [[Ob River|Ob]], [[Yenisei River|Yenisei]], [[Lena River|Lena]], and [[Mackenzie River|Mackenzie]].]] <gallery widths="200px" heights="160px"> File:Talkessel von Werchojansk.JPG|The taiga in the river valley near [[Verkhoyansk]], [[Russia]], at 67°N, experiences the coldest winter temperatures in the northern hemisphere, but the extreme continentality of the climate gives an average daily high of {{cvt|22|C|F}} in July File:Helvetinjärvi.JPG|Lakes and other water bodies are common in the taiga. The [[Helvetinjärvi National Park]], Finland, is situated in the closed canopy taiga (mid-boreal to south-boreal)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://131.95.113.139/courses/multivariate/Diatom_community.pdf|title=Finland vegetation zone and freshwater biome|website=113.139|access-date=19 April 2018|archive-date=11 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110911201301/http://131.95.113.139/courses/multivariate/Diatom_community.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> with mean annual temperature of {{cvt|4|C|F}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldclimate.com/cgi-bin/data.pl?ref=N61E023+1102+02944W |title=Tampere/Pirkkala, Finland Weather History and Climate Data |publisher=Worldclimate.com |date=2007-02-04 |access-date=2011-02-21}}</ref> </gallery>
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