Editing TYPSET and RUNOFF (section)

==Background==
'''RUNOFF''' was written in 1964 for the [[Compatible Time-Sharing System|CTSS]] operating system by [[Jerome H. Saltzer]] in [[MAD (programming language)|MAD]] and [[FORTRAN Assembly Program|FAP]].

It actually consisted of a pair of programs, TYPSET (which was basically a document editor), and RUNOFF (the output processor). RUNOFF had support for [[pagination]] and headers, as well as text [[justification (typesetting)|justification]] ([[TJ-2]] appears to have been the earliest [[text justification]] system, but it did not have the other capabilities).

RUNOFF is a direct predecessor of the runoff document formatting program of [[Multics]], which in turn was the ancestor of the [[roff (computer program)|roff]] and [[nroff]] document formatting programs of [[Unix]], and their descendants. It was also the ancestor of FORMAT for the [[IBM]] [[System/360]], and of course indirectly of every computerized [[word processing]] system.

Likewise, RUNOFF for CTSS was the predecessor of the various RUNOFFs for [[Digital Equipment Corporation|DEC]]'s operating systems, via the RUNOFF developed by the [[University of California, Berkeley]]'s [[Project Genie]] for the [[SDS 940]] system.<ref>{{cite newsgroup |title=Re: Runoffs (was: TJ-2, a very early word-processor-like program for the PDP-1) |author=John V. Everett |date=1997-02-08 |newsgroup=alt.sys.pdp10 |message-id=5diaq1$6cn$2@kirin.wwa.com |url=http://groups.google.com/group/alt.sys.pdp10/msg/6f48d89ee6ffbdc1 |accessdate= 2008-11-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Barnes |first=Larry |title=RUNOFF: A Program for the Preparation of Documents |url=http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/sds/9xx/940/ucbProjectGenie/mcjones/R-37_RUNOFF.pdf |accessdate=14 November 2008 |series=Bitsavers' PDF Document Archive |date=27 March 1973 |publisher=Office of the Secretary of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency |location=Washington, DC |id=R-37}}</ref>

The name is alleged to have come from the phrase at the time, ''I'll run off a copy''.<ref>{{cite web
| title = The Jargon Lexicon
| website = The Jargon File
| version = 4.4.7
| url = http://www.catb.org/~esr/jargon/html/T/troff.html
| quote = ROFF which was in turn modeled after the [[Multics]] and [[Compatible Time-Sharing System|CTSS]] program RUNOFF by Jerome Saltzer (<em>that</em> name came from the expression “to run off a copy”).
| editor-first = Eric S.
| editor-last = Raymond
| editor-link = Eric S. Raymond
}}</ref>

'''TYPESET''' contains features inspired by a variety of other programs including [[Colossal Typewriter]] and [[Expensive Typewriter]].<ref name="ctsspg69">{{cite web |url=http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/mit/ctss/CTSS_ProgrammersGuide_Dec69.pdf |title=The Compatible Time-Sharing System, A Programmer's Guide |editor-last=Crisman |editor-first=Patricia A. |date=December 31, 1969 |page=504 |publisher=The M.I.T Computation Center |access-date=March 10, 2022}}</ref>