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=== Middle Ages === Rabbi and philosopher [[Maimonides]] (1138β1204) described the various customs in his day with respect to local synagogues: {{blockquote|Synagogues and houses of study must be treated with respect. They are swept and sprinkled [with water] to lay the dust. In [[Spain]] and the [[Maghreb]], in [[Babylonia]] and in the [[Holy Land]], it is customary to kindle lamps in the synagogues and to spread mats on the floor upon which the worshippers sit. In the lands of Edom ([[Christendom]]), they sit in synagogues upon chairs [or benches].<ref>[[Maimonides]], ''[[Mishneh Torah]]'' (Hil. ''Tefillah Birkat kohanim'' 11:4)</ref>}} <gallery widths="200" heights="160"> File:Sepphoris (Tzippori) 290314 12.jpg|Mosaic in the [[Tzippori Synagogue]] File:Ruins of the Ancient Synagogue at Bar'am.jpg|Ruins of the ancient synagogue of [[Kfar Bar'am]] File:Alte Synagoge Erfurt.JPG|The [[Old Synagogue (Erfurt)]] is the oldest intact synagogue building in [[Europe]], in parts around 1100 CE File:Jewish Courtyard 3 Speyer.JPG|[[Jewish courtyard, Speyer|Speyer Synagogue]], a [[World Heritage Site]] File:Anbau des vormaligen Frauenbethauses der Synagoge Worms (a).jpg|The [[Worms Synagogue]], a [[World Heritage Site]] </gallery>
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