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===Javanese power=== Around the 12th century, the kingdom of [[Singhasari]] in eastern Java gained more power over the maritime Southeast Asian territory after the kingdom defeated the [[Mongol invasion of Java|Mongols]]; since then, this kingdom evolved into the [[empire]] known as [[Majapahit]]. Sumba Island was a subject of Majapahit's dominion, and the word "''Sumba''" itself was first officially used during the Majapahit era (mentioned in the ancient Javanese manuscripts of ''Pararaton'' and ''Sumpah Palapa'' oath of [[Gajah Mada]]); the word itself was thought as the closest substitution in Javanese for the native name of the island according to native Sumba people, which is ''Humba'' or ''Hubba''. The Javanese people was predicted to arrived on the Sumba Island via the [[Madura]] and [[Kangean Islands|Kangean]] route, it was examined through the analysis on the DNA of chicken species on Sumba that are naturally only [[endemic]] to the eastern regions of Java and its neighbouring islands (which in these case, most probably Kangean Island).<ref name="LIPI">{{cite web|url=http://lipi.go.id/lipimedia/antara-majapahit-sumba-dan-ayam-jantan-merah/17281|title=Antara Majapahit, Sumba, dan Ayam Jantan Merah|language=id|trans-title=(Connecting the Dots) Between Majapahit, Sumba, and the Red Rooster|year=2016|work=Indonesian Institute of Sciences}}</ref>
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