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Sudden stratospheric warming
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=== Final === A final SSW event is any SSW event that permanently reverses the stratospheric wind flow from westerly to easterly for the summer. Normally, stratospheric winds are westerly in the winter and easterly in the summer, so any late-winter SSW event that permanently causes this is called a final warming. Final warmings are usually major SSW events.<ref name=":1">{{cite journal |last1=Hio |first1=Yasuko |last2=Yoden |first2=Shigeo |date=1 March 2005 |title=Interannual Variations of the Seasonal March in the Southern Hemisphere Stratosphere for 1979β2002 and Characterization of the Unprecedented Year 2002 |journal=Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences |volume=62 |issue=3 |pages=567β580 |bibcode=2005JAtS...62..567H |doi=10.1175/JAS-3333.1 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Shiotani |first1=Masato |last2=Shimoda |first2=Naoki |last3=Hirota |first3=Isamu |title=Interannual variability of the stratospheric circulation in the southern hemisphere |journal=Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society |date=April 1993 |volume=119 |issue=511 |pages=531β546 |doi=10.1002/qj.49711951110|bibcode=1993QJRMS.119..531S }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite journal |last1=Byrne |first1=Nicholas J. |last2=Shepherd |first2=Theodore G. |title=Seasonal Persistence of Circulation Anomalies in the Southern Hemisphere Stratosphere and Its Implications for the Troposphere |journal=Journal of Climate |date=May 2018 |volume=31 |issue=9 |pages=3467β3483 |doi=10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0557.1|bibcode=2018JCli...31.3467B }}</ref>
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