Editing Submarine sandwich (section)

===Hoagie===
[[File:Reading the Hog Island News.png|thumb|right|Workers read the ''Hog Island News'']]
[[File:Mmm... salami, ham, and cheeses on a hoagie roll (6879014927).jpg|thumb|Salami, ham and cheeses on a [[hoagie roll]]]]

The term ''hoagie'' originated in the [[Philadelphia]] area. There are a number of hypotheses about the origin of the term: 
# In 1953, a reader letter to the ''[[Philadelphia Bulletin]]'' reported that Italian-Americans working at the [[World War I]]–era shipyard known as [[Hog Island, Philadelphia|Hog Island]], where [[Hog Islander|emergency shipping]] was produced for the war effort, introduced the sandwich by putting various meats, cheeses, and lettuce between two slices of bread.<ref>{{cite web |title = Philadelphia's Local Flavors |website = www.philadelphiausa.travel |url = http://www.philadelphiausa.travel/philadelphia-page.php?tid=1139&pageid=422 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090727221634/http://www.philadelphiausa.travel/philadelphia-page.php?tid=1139&pageid=422 |archive-date = 2009-07-27 |url-status = deviated}}</ref> This became known as the "Hog Island" sandwich; shortened to "Hoggies", then the "hoagie".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Philly Via Italy |url=https://www.34st.com/article/2007/04/node-3965 |access-date=2022-06-28 |website=www.34st.com}}</ref>
# [[Dictionary.com]] offers the following origin of the term ''hoagie -'' n. American English (originally Philadelphia) word for "hero, large sandwich made from a long, split roll"; originally ''hoggie'' (c. 1936), traditionally said to be named for the jazz musician [[Hoagy Carmichael]] (1899–1981), but the use of the word predates his celebrity and the original spelling seems to suggest another source (perhaps "hog"). The modern spelling dates from about 1945; it may have been altered by influence of Carmichael's nickname.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/hoagie|title=Definition of hoagie |publisher=[[Dictionary.com]] |language=en|access-date=2019-08-03}}</ref>
# The ''Philadelphia Almanac and Citizen's Manual'' offers a different explanation saying the sandwich was created by early-twentieth-century street vendors called "hokey-pokey men", who sold [[antipasto]] salad, meats, cookies, and buns with a cut in them. When [[Gilbert and Sullivan]]'s operetta ''[[H.M.S. Pinafore]]'' opened in Philadelphia in 1879, bakeries produced a long loaf called the pinafore. Entrepreneurial "hokey-pokey men" sliced the loaf in half, stuffed it with antipasto salad, and sold the world's first "hoagie".<ref name="PhillyAlmanac">{{cite book |editor-last=Finkel |editor-first=Kenneth |title=Philadelphia Almanac and Citizen's Manual |location=Philadelphia |publisher=The Library Company of Philadelphia |year=1995 |page=86}}</ref> This hypothesis seems unlikely, as "hokey pokey" men were known street vendors of an ice cream product. <ref name="madaio">{{cite book |last1=Madaio |first1=Mike |title=A History of Philadelphia Sandwiches |date=Nov 5, 2024 |publisher=The History Press |location=Charleston, SC |isbn=978-1540265364}}</ref>
# Another explanation is that the word ''hoagie'' arose in the late 19th to early 20th centuries, among the Italian community in [[South Philadelphia]]; at the time "on the hoke" meant that someone was destitute. Deli owners gave away scraps of cheeses and meats in an Italian bread-roll known as a "hokie", but Italian immigrants pronounced it "hoagie".<ref name="Eames" /> 
# Yet another possible origin of the term, as conveyed by Sociology professor Howard Robboy, is that a man in Philadelphia, Alphonso DePalma, who later opened a sandwich shop there, claimed to have said in 1928, "You have to be a hog to eat one of those."<ref>{{cite news|first=Thomas|last=Swick|title=Please Pass the Subs–Er, Hoagies, Er...|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1977/08/04/please-pass-the-subs-er-hoagies-er/3389c6d7-3683-4b01-bba7-68b8acbc788f/|work=[[The Times (Trenton)|Trenton Times]]|date=August 4, 1977|access-date=January 22, 2023}}</ref> DePalma styled himself as "King of the Hoggies" (and eventually "Hoagies") and at one time had several "hoggie" shops around the city. <ref name="madaio" />

Shortly after [[World War II]], there were numerous varieties of the term in use throughout Philadelphia. By the 1940s, the spelling "hoagie" dominated less-used variations like "hoogie" and "hoggie".<ref name="Labov">{{cite book |last=Labov |first=William |chapter=Pursuing the Cascade Model |editor=Peter Trudgill |editor2=David Britain |editor3=Jenny Cheshire |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tt0lcEDZ-2IC&pg=PT27 |title=Social Dialectology: In Honour of Peter Trudgill |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Co. |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-58811-403-7}}</ref> By 1955, restaurants throughout the area were using the term ''hoagie''. Listings in [[Pittsburgh]] show hoagies arriving in 1961 and becoming widespread in that city by 1966.<ref name="Labov" />

Former Philadelphia mayor (and later [[Pennsylvania]] governor) [[Ed Rendell]] declared the hoagie to be the "Official Sandwich of Philadelphia".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Philadelphia USA|url=https://www.philadelphiausa.travel/|access-date=2023-01-15|website=Philadelphia USA|language=es}}</ref> However, there are claims that the hoagie was actually a product of nearby [[Chester, Pennsylvania]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Gebhart |first=Ed |url=http://www.delcotimes.com/articles/2003/02/09/opinion/6990497.txt |title=Hoagie, then known as Italian sandwich, got start in Chester |newspaper=Delaware County Daily Times |date=February 9, 2003 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090728192001/http://www.delcotimes.com/articles/2003/02/09/opinion/6990497.txt |archive-date=July 28, 2009 }}</ref> DiCostanza's in [[Boothwyn, Pennsylvania]] claims that the mother of DiConstanza's owner originated the hoagie in 1925 in Chester. DiCostanza relates the story that a customer came into the family deli and through an exchange matching the customer's requests and the deli's offerings, the hoagie was created.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dicostanzas.com/About.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011117123659/http://dicostanzas.com/About.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 17, 2001 |title=1925: Hoagie Rolls into County History |website=Dicostanzas.com |access-date=December 9, 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Vigoda |first1=Ralph |title=How the Hoagie Started: Truth, or a Lot of Baloney? |url=http://www.philly.com/philly/restaurants/Hoagie_History_Truth_or_a_Lot_of_Baloney_.html?viewAll=y |newspaper=Philadelphia Inquirer |access-date=21 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330004900/http://www.philly.com/philly/restaurants/Hoagie_History_Truth_or_a_Lot_of_Baloney_.html?viewAll=y |archive-date=30 March 2012 |date=5 March 2003}}</ref> Additional spellings include “hoagy”.

[[F.W. Woolworth Company|Woolworth's]] to-go sandwich was called a ''hoagie'' in all of its U.S. stores.<ref name="worcestermass.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.worcestermass.com/places/woolworth.shtml|title=Worcester, Mass - Places of the Past, Woolworth's|website=Worcestermass.com|access-date=July 1, 2015}}{{cite web|url=http://forum.woodenboat.com/showthread.php?36755-Hoagies|title=Hoagies|website=Woodenboat.com|date=December 26, 2005 |access-date=July 1, 2015}}{{cite web|url=http://chowhound.chow.com/topics/178402|title=Best Hoagie in D'Burgh - Pennsylvania - Chowhound|website=Chowhound.chow.com|access-date=July 1, 2015|date=2001-09-07|archive-date=2015-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626101518/http://chowhound.chow.com/topics/178402|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=http://www.railroad-line.com/discussion/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=37693|title=Railroad Line Forums - 1957 Woolworth Menu|publisher=railroad-line.com|access-date=February 2, 2016}}{{cite web|url=http://www.seattlepi.com/lifestyle/blogcritics/article/Music-Review-Neil-Diamond-The-Bang-Years-1256885.php|title=Music Review: Neil Diamond: The Bang Years 1966-1968|website=[[Seattle Post-Intelligencer]]|access-date=July 1, 2015|date=2011-03-18}}{{cite web|url=https://www.mcall.com/2001/12/23/many-store-memories-of-five-and-dimes-emporiums-are-nearly-extinct-but-in-the-lehigh-valley-they-hold-their-place-in-history-and-hearts/|title=Many store memories of five-and-dimes|website=Tribunedigital-mcall|date=December 23, 2001 |access-date=July 1, 2015|archive-date=2015-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626115554/http://articles.mcall.com/2001-12-23/news/3377003_1_dollar-stores-mccrory-dimes|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.mcall.com/2010/11/02/recipe-exchange-november-3-2010-2/|title=Recipe Exchange: November 3, 2010|date=November 2, 2010|website=Tribunedigital-mcall|access-date=July 1, 2015|archive-date=June 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626132214/http://articles.mcall.com/2010-11-02/features/mc-recipe-exchange-1103-20101102_1_hoagies-recipe-exchange-cookbooks-or-magazines|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=http://pleasantfamilyshopping.blogspot.com/2009/06/woolworths-largest-variety-store.html|title=Pleasant Family Shopping|website=pleasantfamilyshopping.blogspot.com|access-date=July 1, 2015|date=2009-06-18}}{{cite web|url=http://www.4lawschool.com/torts/jasko.htm|title=Jasko v. F.W. Woolworth Co Case Brief|website=4lawschool.com|access-date=July 1, 2015|archive-date=June 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626121332/http://www.4lawschool.com/torts/jasko.htm|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=http://community.tasteofhome.com/community_forums/f/30/p/271184/272535.aspx|title=Woolworths - recall days of five-and-dimes - Recipes and more!|website=Tasteofhome.com|access-date=July 1, 2015|archive-date=July 31, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731154242/http://community.tasteofhome.com/community_forums/f/30/p/271184/272535.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Bánh mì]] sandwiches are sometimes referred to as "[[Vietnamese cuisine|Vietnamese]] hoagies" in Philadelphia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archives.citypaper.net/articles/2006-07-20/food6.shtml|title=Top 5 Banh Mi (Vietnamese Hoagies)|date=July 20, 2006|website=Philadelphia City Paper|access-date=July 1, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140412193931/http://archives.citypaper.net/articles/2006-07-20/food6.shtml|archive-date=April 12, 2014}}</ref>