Editing Stirling (section)

===Late Medieval and early Modern===
[[File:(Cambuskenneth Abbey, Stirling, Scotland) (LOC) (3449503885).jpg|thumb|The tomb of [[James III of Scotland|James III]], [[List of Scottish monarchs|King of Scots]], and [[Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland|Margaret of Denmark]] at [[Cambuskenneth Abbey]]]]
Another important historical site in the area is the ruins of [[Cambuskenneth Abbey]], the resting place of [[James III of Scotland|King James III of Scotland]] and his queen, [[Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland|Margaret of Denmark]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/propertyresults/propertydetail.htm?PropID=PL_052&PropName=Cambuskenneth%20Abbey|title=Cambuskenneth Abbey|publisher=Historic Scotland|access-date=5 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111102010/http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/propertyresults/propertydetail.htm?PropID=PL_052&PropName=Cambuskenneth%20Abbey|archive-date=11 January 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> The king died at the [[Battle of Sauchieburn]] by forces nominally led by his son and successor [[James IV of Scotland|James IV]]. During the [[Wars of the Three Kingdoms]], the [[Battle of Stirling (1648)|Battle of Stirling]] also took place in the centre of Stirling on 12 September 1648. The fortifications continued to play a strategic military role during the 18th-century [[Jacobite risings]]. In [[Jacobite rising of 1715|1715]], the [[Duke of Mar|Earl of Mar]] failed to take control of the castle. In [[Jacobite rising of 1745|January 1746]], the army of [[Bonnie Prince Charlie]] seized control of the town [[Siege of Stirling Castle (1746)|but failed to take the Castle]]. On their consequent retreat northwards, they blew up the church of [[St. Ninians (Stirling)|St. Ninians]] where they had been storing munitions; only the tower survived and can be seen to this day.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ross |first=David. R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jm6FrlKJIEQC&pg=PA79 |title=On the Trail of Bonnie Prince Charlie |publisher=Dundurn |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-946487-68-4 |edition=1st |page=79 |oclc=46513063}}</ref> The castle and the church are shown on [[Joan Blaeu|Blaeu]]'s map<ref>{{cite web|last1=Blaeu|first1=Joan|title=Sterlinensis praefectura, [vulgo], Sterlin-Shyr / Auct. Timoth. Pont.|url=http://maps.nls.uk/atlas/blaeu/browse/125|website=National Library of Scotland|access-date=9 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170311234239/http://maps.nls.uk/atlas/blaeu/browse/125|archive-date=11 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> of 1654 which was derived from [[Timothy Pont|Pont]]'s earlier map.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Pont|first1=Timothy|title=[The East Central Lowlands (Stirling, Falkirk & Kilsyth)] – Pont 32|url=http://maps.nls.uk/pont/view/?id=pont32#zoom=6&lat=3284&lon=5309&layers=BT|website=National Library of Scotland|access-date=9 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817032322/http://maps.nls.uk/pont/view/?id=pont32#zoom=6&lat=3284&lon=5309&layers=BT|archive-date=17 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>[[File:Church of the Holy Rude 001.jpg|thumb|right|[[Church of the Holy Rude]] (Holy Cross)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Scott |first1=Hew |title=Fasti ecclesiae scoticanae; the succession of ministers in the Church of Scotland from the reformation |date=1923 |publisher=Oliver and Boyd |location=Edinburgh |pages=[https://archive.org/stream/fastiecclesiaesc04scot#page/316/mode/2up 317]–333 |volume=4 |url=https://archive.org/stream/fastiecclesiaesc04scot |author-link=Hew Scott}}</ref>]]Standing near the castle, the [[The Church of the Holy Rude, Stirling|Church of the Holy Rude]] is one of the town's most historically important buildings. Founded in 1129 it is the second oldest building in the city after Stirling castle. It was rebuilt in the 15th-century after Stirling suffered a catastrophic fire in 1405, and is reputed to be the only surviving church in the United Kingdom apart from [[Westminster Abbey]] to have held a coronation.<ref name=COS>{{cite web|url=http://holyrude.org/history.htm|title=The Church of the Holy Rude|publisher=Church of Scotland|access-date=1 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724123631/http://www.holyrude.org/history.htm|archive-date=24 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> The death of James V led to the [[Rough Wooing]], a period where Henry VIII of England attempted to marry the infant Mary Queen of Scots to his son.{{cn|date=February 2025}} Stirling responded by constructing a burgh wall to the south of town, which is among the best preserved in Scotland.<ref>{{cite web |title=Stirling, town wall & bastion & Port Street Bastion at 44 Bastion Wyn |url=https://portal.historicenvironment.scot/apex/f?p=1505:300:::::VIEWTYPE,VIEWREF:designation,SM1754 |website=Historic Environment Scotland |access-date=17 February 2025}}</ref> Recent archaeological research has identified  two new bastions or positions of strength on the wall and Stirling's last surviving medieval gate.<ref>{{cite web |title=Case for the defence as Stirling's lost bastion revealed |url=https://www.stirling.gov.uk/news/case-for-the-defence-as-stirling-s-lost-bastion-revealed/ |website=Strling Council |access-date=1 March 2025}}</ref> On 29 July 1567 the infant son of [[Mary, Queen of Scots]], was [[coronation of James VI|anointed]] [[James I of England|James VI of Scotland]] in the church.<ref name=COS/> James' bride, [[Anne of Denmark]] was crowned in the church at [[Holyrood Palace]] in Edinburgh. The Holy Rude congregation still meet and some 19th century parish records survive.<ref>{{cite web|title=Male Heads of families 1834–35|url=http://www.oldscottish.com/stirling-holy-rude.html|website=Genealogy and Family History|publisher=Old Scottish|access-date=3 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404045658/http://www.oldscottish.com/stirling-holy-rude.html|archive-date=4 April 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Musket shot marks that may come from [[Oliver Cromwell|Cromwell]]'s troops during the [[Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms|Wars of the Three Kingdoms]] are clearly visible on the tower and [[apse]] of the church.<ref name=COS/> There are also musket scars on a gravestone in the cemetery indicating the troop movement to the castle.

Economically, the city's port supported foreign trade, historically doing significant trade in the [[Low Countries]], particularly with [[Bruges]]<ref name="The history of Stirlingshire">{{cite book|last1=Nimmo|first1=William|last2=Gillespie|first2=Robert|title=The history of Stirlingshire|date=1880|publisher=Thomas D. Morison|location=Glasgow|page=369|edition= 3rd|url=https://archive.org/stream/historyofstirlin01nimm#page/369/mode/1up|access-date=5 April 2017}}</ref> in Belgium and [[Veere]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Morris|first1=David B.|title=The Stirling merchant gild and life of John Cowane.|date=1919|publisher=Morris, David B.|location=Stirling|pages=195–210|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.319510020985415;view=1up;seq=199|access-date=8 April 2017}}</ref> in the Netherlands. In the 16th century there were so many Scots in [[Danzig]]<ref>{{cite book|editor-last1=Cook|editor-first1=W. R. |editor-last2=Morris|editor-first2=David R |title=The Stirling guildry book. Extracts from the records of the merchant guild of Stirling ... 1592–1846|date=1916|publisher=Glasgow, Stirlingshire and Sons of the Rock Society|location=Stirling|page=271|url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924030086734#page/n282/mode/1up/search/danskin|access-date=13 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170418150245/https://archive.org/stream/cu31924030086734#page/n282/mode/1up/search/danskin|archive-date=18 April 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> in [[Prussia]] that they had their own church congregation and trade is mentioned with that city in Stirling Council's minutes of 1560.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Morris|first1=David B.|title=The Stirling merchant gild and life of John Cowane.|date=1919|publisher=Morris, David B.|location=Stirling|pages=202–204|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.319510020985415;view=2up;seq=206;size=125|access-date=8 April 2017}}</ref> Around [[Cowane's Hospital#John Cowane|John Cowane]]'s time there is an account which states there were about 30,000 Scots families living in Poland<ref>{{cite book|editor-last1=Steuart|editor-first1=Archibald Francis |title=Papers relating to the Scots in Poland,1576–1793|date=1915|publisher=Printed by T. and A. Constable for the Scottish History Society|location=Edinburgh|url=https://archive.org/stream/papersrelatingto00edin#page/n9/mode/2up/search/thirty+thousand+scots+families|access-date=16 October 2017}}</ref> although that was possibly<ref>{{cite web|title=Scotland in Europe|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/scottishhistory/europe/intro_europe.shtml|website=BBC History|access-date=8 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170411195316/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/scottishhistory/europe/intro_europe.shtml|archive-date=11 April 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> an exaggeration.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Morris|first1=David B.|title=The Stirling merchant gild and life of John Cowane.|date=1919|publisher=Morris, David B.|location=Stirling|page=204|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.319510020985415;view=1up;seq=208|access-date=8 April 2017}}</ref> Trade with the [[Baltic region|Baltic]]<ref>{{cite book|last=King|first=Elspeth|title=Old Stirling|year=2009|publisher=Stenlake Publishing|isbn=9781840334517|page=4}}</ref> also took place such as a timber trade with Norway.

After the Jacobite threat had faded but before the railways were established, the Highland cattle drovers would use the Auld Brig on their way to market at Falkirk<ref>{{cite web|title=Scottish Cattle Droving|url=https://must-see-scotland.com/scottish-cattle-droving/|website=Must See Scotland|access-date=10 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170410214737/https://must-see-scotland.com/scottish-cattle-droving/|archive-date=10 April 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> or [[Stenhousemuir]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Scott|first1=Ian|title=The Falkirk Trysts|url=http://www.falkirklocalhistorysociety.co.uk/home/index.php?id=99|website=Falkirk Local History Society|access-date=10 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170410220445/http://www.falkirklocalhistorysociety.co.uk/home/index.php?id=99|archive-date=10 April 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Three times a year, tens of thousands of cattle, sheep and ponies were moved together to the trysts in the south with some drovers going as far as [[Carlisle, Cumbria|Carlisle]] or even London's [[Smithfield, London#Origins|Smithfield]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Clingan-Smith|first1=Oswald|title=Interview with a representative of Art UK|url=https://artuk.org/discover/stories/interview-with-museum-cat-oswald-clingan-smith|website=artuk|access-date=11 April 2017|ref=)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170307134152/https://artuk.org/discover/stories/interview-with-museum-cat-oswald-clingan-smith|archive-date=7 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> There is a record of a four-mile long tailback (of livestock) developing from [[St. Ninians]] to [[Bridge of Allan]] after a St. Ninians tollman had a dispute.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Drysdale|first1=William|title=Old faces, old places, and old stories of Stirling|date=1898|publisher=E. Mackay|location=Stirling|pages=35–36|url=https://archive.org/stream/oldfacesoldplace00drysrich#page/36/mode/2up/search/cattle|access-date=5 April 2017}}</ref>