Editing Steampunk (section)

===Japanese steampunk===
{{See also|Japanese cyberpunk}}
{{Unreliable sources |section|date=June 2024}}

Japanese steampunk consists of steampunk [[manga]] comics and [[anime]] productions from Japan.<ref name=Wired>{{cite news|last=Sterling|first=Bruce|title=Japanese steampunk|url=https://www.wired.com/2013/03/japanese-steampunk/|access-date=26 April 2020|magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]|date=22 March 2013|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308124443/https://www.wired.com/2013/03/japanese-steampunk/|url-status=live}}</ref> Steampunk elements have consistently appeared in mainstream manga since the 1940s, dating back to [[Osamu Tezuka]]'s epic science-fiction trilogy consisting of ''[[Lost World (manga)|Lost World]]'' (1948), ''[[Metropolis (manga)|Metropolis]]'' (1949) and ''[[Fumoon|Nextworld]]'' (1951). The steampunk elements found in manga eventually made their way into mainstream anime productions starting in the 1970s. Influenced by 19th-century European authors such as Jules Verne, steampunk anime and manga arose from a Japanese fascination with an imaginary fantastical version of old [[Industrial Revolution|Industrial]] Europe, linked to a phenomenon called ''[[Paris syndrome|akogare no Pari]]'' ("the [[Paris]] of our dreams"), comparable to the [[Western culture|West]]'s fascination with an "exotic" [[Eastern world|East]].<ref name=Cavallaro>{{cite book|last=Cavallaro|first=Dani|year=2015|chapter=Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water (Fushigi no Umi no Nadia)|title=The Art of Studio Gainax: Experimentation, Style and Innovation at the Leading Edge of Anime|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]|isbn=978-1-4766-0070-3|pages=40–53 (40–1)|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uSxzBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA40|access-date=2020-04-26|archive-date=2023-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712001533/https://books.google.com/books?id=uSxzBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA40|url-status=live}}</ref>

The most influential steampunk animator was [[Hayao Miyazaki]], who was creating steampunk anime since the 1970s, starting with the television show ''[[Future Boy Conan]]'' (1978).<ref name=Cavallaro/> His manga ''[[Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind (manga)|Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind]]'' (1982) and its [[Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind (film)|1984 anime film adaptation]] also contained steampunk elements. Miyazaki's most influential steampunk production was the [[Studio Ghibli]] anime film ''[[Castle in the Sky|Laputa: Castle in the Sky]]'' (1986), which became a major milestone in the genre and has been described by ''The Steampunk Bible'' as "one of the first modern steampunk classics."<ref>{{cite book|last1=VanderMeer|first1=Jeff|last2=Chambers|first2=S. J.|title=The Steampunk Bible: An Illustrated Guide to the World of Imaginary Airships, Corsets and Goggles, Mad Scientists, and Strange Literature|year=2012|publisher=[[Abrams Books]]|isbn=978-1-61312-166-5|page=184|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xp12RPAYgrIC&pg=PA184}}</ref> Archetypal steampunk elements in ''Laputa'' include [[airships]], [[air pirates]], steam-powered [[robots]], and a view of [[steam power]] as a limitless but potentially dangerous source of power.<ref name=Cavallaro/>

The success of ''Laputa'' inspired [[Hideaki Anno]] and [[Studio Gainax]] to create their first hit production, ''[[Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water]]'' (1990), a steampunk anime show which loosely adapts elements from Verne's ''[[Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas]]'', with [[Captain Nemo]] making an appearance.<ref name=Cavallaro/> Based on a concept by Miyazaki, ''Nadia'' was influential on later steampunk anime such as [[Katsuhiro Otomo]]'s anime film ''[[Steamboy]]'' (2004).<ref name=Nevins2019>{{cite book|last=Nevins|first=Jess|chapter=Steampunk|editor-last1=McFarlane|editor-first1=Anna|editor-last2=Schmeink|editor-first2=Lars|editor-last3=Murphy|editor-first3=Graham|title=The Routledge Companion to Cyberpunk Culture|year=2019|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-351-13986-1|page=107|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mfvADwAAQBAJ&pg=PA107}}</ref> [[Disney]]'s animated steampunk film ''[[Atlantis: The Lost Empire]]'' (2001)<ref name="HSW Steampunk"/> was influenced by anime, particularly Miyazaki's works and possibly ''Nadia''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/feature/2001-05-15|title=Probing the ''Atlantis'' Mystery|work=[[Anime News Network]]|date=May 15, 2001|first=Lee|last=Zion|access-date=July 15, 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629004303/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/feature/2001-05-15|archive-date=June 29, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.gwern.net/docs/eva/2002-takeda-notenkimemoirs|title=The Notenki Memoirs: Studio Gainax And The Men Who Created ''Evangelion''|work=Gwern|date=March 25, 2019|first=Takeda|last=Yasuhiro|access-date=October 29, 2019|archive-date=November 21, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121215358/https://www.gwern.net/docs/eva/2002-takeda-notenkimemoirs|url-status=live}}</ref> Other popular Japanese steampunk works include Miyazaki's Studio Ghibli anime film ''[[Howl's Moving Castle (film)|Howl's Moving Castle]]'' (2004),<ref name=Cavallaro/> [[Sega]]'s video game and anime franchise ''[[Sakura Wars]]'' (1996) which is set in a steampunk version of [[Meiji (era)|Meiji]]/[[Taishō]] era Japan,<ref name=Cavallaro/> and [[Square Enix]]'s manga and anime franchise ''[[Fullmetal Alchemist]]'' (2001).<ref name=Wired/>