Editing Stamford Hill (section)

==Haredi Jewish community==
[[File:Stamford hill.jpg|thumb|250px|right|[[Hasidic Judaism|Hasidic Jews]] in Stamford Hill.]]
Stamford Hill is at the centre of an [[Ashkenazi]] [[Haredi Judaism|strictly-Orthodox Jewish]], and predominantly [[Hasidic Judaism|Hasidic]], community estimated to be some 15,000 strong, and growing at a rate of around 5% each year.<ref name="destinationhackney.co.uk">{{cite web|url=http://www.destinationhackney.co.uk/neighbourhoods/stamford-hill|title=Love Hackney - Love Hackney|website=Destinationhackney.co.uk|access-date=26 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714192516/http://www.destinationhackney.co.uk/neighbourhoods/stamford-hill|archive-date=14 July 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Learning Trust|url=http://www.learningtrust.co.uk/schools/secondary_schools/docs/ss_brochure_2011/ss_brochure_2011_pdf15.pdf|access-date=25 March 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126040158/http://www.learningtrust.co.uk/schools/secondary_schools/docs/ss_brochure_2011/ss_brochure_2011_pdf15.pdf|archive-date=26 November 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref> It is the largest Hasidic community in Europe, and referred to as a ''square mile of piety'',<ref name=brithist/> reflecting the many Jewish men seen walking in their distinctive clothes on their way to and from worship. The congregations often represent historical links with particular areas of Eastern Europe in their dress and their worship. Many also retain links with congregations around the world. The largest of these congregations is the [[Satmar (Hasidic dynasty)|Satmar]] dynasty, which has five directly associated synagogues; [[Belz (Hasidic dynasty)|Belz]] is another large community, with four synagogues. As well as Stamford Hill's own Jewish population, there are also many observant Jews in neighbouring [[Upper Clapton]], [[West Hackney]], [[Stoke Newington]], and [[Tottenham]]; there may be as many as 80 synagogues in this wider area.{{citation needed|date=September 2018}}

A volunteer emergency response first-aid service called [[Hatzola]] (the Hebrew word for rescue) and a volunteer community watch group called [[Shomrim (volunteers)|Shomrim]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.londonshomrim.com/about-us.html |title=About Us - SHOMRIM North & East London |access-date=2 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111065514/http://www.londonshomrim.com/about-us.html |archive-date=11 January 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> (the Hebrew word for watchmen) are run by, and largely for, the Jewish community.<ref>
[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/2666123.stm Jewish health service offers local care - BBC Health 19 January 2003] accessed on 11 December 2006</ref>

The strictly Orthodox Jewish community relies mostly on private education for schooling, with almost all Jewish children attending private, single-sex Jewish schools.<ref name=telegraph-20110225>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/religion/8326339/Inside-the-private-world-of-Londons-ultra-Orthodox-Jews.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110226100657/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/religion/8326339/Inside-the-private-world-of-Londons-ultra-Orthodox-Jews.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 February 2011 |title=Inside the private world of London's ultra-Orthodox Jews |newspaper=The Telegraph | date=25 February 2011 |location=London |author=Mick Brown |access-date=2 March 2011}}</ref> In 2005, the Stamford Hill [[Yesodey Hatorah Senior Girls' School]] achieved [[voluntary-aided]] status.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxedu_reports/display/(id)/65089 |title=- Ofsted |access-date=19 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707210841/http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxedu_reports/display/(id)/65089 |archive-date=7 July 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> In 2014, the [[Oxford, Cambridge and RSA Examinations|Oxford, Cambridge, and RSA (OCR) Exam board]], having conducted an investigation into alleged exam malpractice, concluded that the school had [[Sanitization (classified information)|redacted]] questions involving the [[evolution]] of species on [[General Certificate of Secondary Education|GCSE]] science exam questions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.secularism.org.uk/news/2013/10/jewish-faith-school-caught-censoring-questions-on-science-exam-papers|title=Jewish faith school caught censoring questions on science exam papers|publisher=secularism.org.uk/ |date=2013-10-10 |access-date=2013-10-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Jewish school redacts exam to remove evolution questions|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-26437882|publisher=bbc.co.uk/|date=2014-03-04}}</ref> [[Ofqual]] subsequently ruled that blocking out exam questions is malpractice, and, accordingly, not permissible.<ref>{{cite web|title=Evolution exam questions cannot be blocked, says Ofqual|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-26823183 |date=2014-03-31|website=Bbc.co.uk}}</ref> The same year, it was reported by the [[BBC]] that many of the [[yeshiva]]s in the area "usually don't provide any maths, English or science" classes and were operating "without the most basic health, safety, and child welfare checks".<ref>{{cite news |title=Is there a problem with unregistered schools? |work=BBC News |date=27 February 2018 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-43170447 }}</ref> In an article on Stamford Hill yeshivas, ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' cited government documents obtained by [[Channel 4]]'s ''[[Dispatches (TV programme)|Dispatches]]'' and the [[Jewish Chronicle]] as saying that between 800 and 1000 boys aged between 13 and 16 are "missing" from the school system in the borough of Hackney alone.<ref>{{cite web |title=Thousand boys disappear from school system |date=14 July 2014 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/educationnews/10964563/Thousand-boys-disappear-from-school-system.html |publisher=The Telegraph}}</ref><ref name=eveningstandard>{{Cite news|title='1000 boys at illegal schools'|last=Bryant|first=Miranda|date=14 July 2014|newspaper=[[London Evening Standard]]|page=7}}</ref>

Haredi families, on average, have 5.9 children, almost 2.5 times the average for England and Wales, and many families live in over-crowded flats.<ref name=Ynet>[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3198170,00.html Ynet ''London Haredim considering move''] ([[Reuters]]/YNET 1 October 2006) accessed 19 June 2009</ref> National planning policy and guidance are applied by the local council, prohibiting development of family housing. This has led to conflict between the council and the Jewish population, sometimes represented by the [[Union of Orthodox Hebrew Congregations]]. [[Agudas Israel Housing Association]] is active in developing housing for the Jewish community in Stamford Hill.<ref name=telegraph-20110225 />

There is also a notable population of [[Yemenite Jews]], especially [[History of the Jews in Aden|Adeni Jews]] who originated in the port city of [[Aden]] in [[Yemen]]. They settled in Stamford Hill, after fleeing [[1947 anti-Jewish riots in Aden|anti-Jewish violence]] at the end of the [[Aden Protectorate]]. The Adeni Congregation synagogue, Nahalat Yosef, is named after the original Adeni synagogue in Yemen.<ref>The synagogues are named for the book ''Nahalat Yosef'' by Shemu'el Yosef Yeshuah. The book is named for his father, but contains a systematic exposition of rabbinical law and ethics. A second part details his travels in Palestine and the particular customs of Adeni Jews. In ''The Jews of the British Crown Colony of Aden'', Reuben Ahroni, pp. 170&ndash;1 (Brill, 1994) {{ISBN|90-04-10110-1}}</ref> A further wave of immigration of Yemenite Jews occurred in the 1990s and 2000s when several families escaped antisemitic persecution from [[Houthi movement|Houthis]] in the north of Yemen.<ref>{{cite web |title=Yemeni families flee persecution for Stamford Hill |url=https://www.jewishrefugees.org.uk/2010/03/yemeni-families-flee-persecution-for.html |website=JewishRefugees.org.uk |date=25 March 2010 |access-date=21 September 2022}}</ref>

In 2014, the community met with controversy after a sign was spotted in the location reading, "Women should please walk along this side of the road only".<ref name=Independent>{{cite web|last1=Saul|first1=Heather|title=Stamford Hill council removes 'unacceptable' posters telling women which side of the road to walk down|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/london-council-removes-unacceptable-stamford-hill-posters-telling-women-which-side-of-the-road-to-walk-down-9746012.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220524/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/london-council-removes-unacceptable-stamford-hill-posters-telling-women-which-side-of-the-road-to-walk-down-9746012.html |archive-date=24 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|website=The Independent|date=21 September 2014|access-date=29 September 2014}}</ref> The sign was reportedly put up for a Torah Procession parade, and was meant to provide directions for members who wished to avoid contact with the opposite sex.<ref name=Independent/> After complaints about the sign were raised, a group of [[Shomrim (neighborhood watch group)|Shomrim]] who regularly police the area contacted the organisers to tell them that the posters "lacked explanation". The posters were removed, and the organisers agreed to take the signs down more quickly the following year.<ref name=Evening>{{cite news|last1=Blundy|first1=Rachel|title=Hackney council removes 'unacceptable' posters telling women which side of the road they should walk on|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/hackney-council-removes-unacceptable-posters-telling-women-which-side-of-the-road-they-should-walk-on-9743995.html|newspaper=[[The Evening Standard]]|access-date=29 September 2014}}</ref><!-- (article cannot be found on Evening Standard website, perhaps a wayback link could be sourced?) -->

Since the 2011 census, there has been a migration of Stamford Hill Hasidic Jews to [[Canvey Island]], in [[Essex]]. Canvey Island has a fairly homogenous ethnic make-up, and did not previously have a significant Jewish presence, but community relations appear to be good, and were the subject of a TV documentary.<ref>Jewish Chronicle article describing the migration and the BBC documentary https://www.thejc.com/culture/tv/tv-review-canvey-the-promised-island-1.451767</ref>