Editing Sremski Karlovci (section)

===Habsburg Monarchy===
[[File:Sremski Karlovci, Kapela Mira.jpg|thumb|left|Kapela mira (the Chapel of Peace), erected on the spot where the [[Treaty of Karlowitz]] was negotiated. Its shape reminds of the tent in which the negotiations took place]]
Between 16 November 1698 and 26 January 1699, the town of Karlovci was the site of a congress that ended the hostilities between the [[Ottoman Empire]] and the [[Holy League (1684)|Holy League]], a coalition of various European powers including [[Habsburg monarchy]], Poland, [[Venice, Italy|Venice]] and Russia. The congress produced the [[Treaty of Karlowitz]]. It was the first time a [[Round table (discussion)|round table]] was used in international politics.

After this peace treaty, the town was considered part of the Habsburg monarchy and was included in its [[Military Frontier]]. According to 1702 data, the population was composed of 215 [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] and 13 [[Catholic Christianity|Catholic]] houses. By 1753, the population of the town numbered 3,843 people, of which 3,110 were classified as ethnic [[Serbs]].

The town was the spiritual, political and cultural center of the Serbs in the Habsburg Monarchy. The [[metropolitan bishop|Metropolitan]] of the [[Serbian Orthodox Church]] resided here. In the early 21st century, the [[Serbian Patriarch]] retains the title of [[Metropolitan of Karlovci]].

The town had the earliest Serb (and Slavic in general) [[Gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]] (Serbian: ''gimnazija''/{{lang|sr-Cyrl|гимназија}}, [[French language|French]]: ''lycée''), founded on 3 August 1791. Three years after this, the Orthodox [[seminary of Sremski Karlovci]] was founded here. It was the second-oldest Orthodox seminary in the world (after the Spiritual Academy in [[Kyiv]]), and it still operates.

[[File:The May Assembly 1848 in Sremski Karlovci.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Proclamation of Serbian Vojvodina in 1848 in Sremski Karlovci]]
[[File:Spomenik 8336 05.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Monument dedicated to soldiers of WWII]]

At the [[May Assembly|Serb National Assembly]] in Karlovci in May 1848, [[Serbs]] declared the unification of the regions of [[Srem (region)|Srem]], [[Banat]], [[Bačka]], and [[Baranya (region)|Baranja]] (including parts of the Military Frontier) into the province of [[Serbian Vojvodina]]. In the late 18th century, the Habsburg monarchy had invited numerous settlers from Bavaria and southern Germany into some of these regions along the Danube, in order to repopulate the area and re-establish agriculture after the effects of the Ottoman invasion and disease. The Germans, who became known as [[Danube-Swabians]], were allowed to keep their language and Catholic religion. For more than a century, they had fairly autonomous settlements.

The first capital of Serbian Vojvodina was in Karlovci; it was later moved to [[Zemun]], [[Zrenjanin|Veliki Bečkerek]], and [[Timișoara|Temišvar]]. At the same time the title of the Orthodox Metropolitan of Karlovci was raised to that of Patriarch.

When Serbian Vojvodina was in 1849 organized as the new province named [[Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar]], the town of Karlovci was not included into this province. It was returned to the administration of the Military Frontier (a Petrovaradin regiment that was part of [[Slavonian Krajina]]). With the abolition in 1881 of the Military Frontier, the town was included in [[Syrmia County]] of [[Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia|Croatia-Slavonia]], the autonomous kingdom within [[Kingdom of Hungary]] and [[Austria-Hungary]].

An Orthodox [[Patriarchate of Karlovci]] operated after 1848 in Karlovci until 1920, after World War I. At that time, the position was joined with the [[Metropolitanate of Belgrade]] to form the united Serbian Orthodox Church, in what was then the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]].

Between 1921 and 1944 the [[Patriarchate Court, Sremski Karlovci|Patriarchate of Karlovci's Palace]] was the seat of the administration of the [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia]].