Editing Spiny lobster (section)

==Ecology==
[[File:Pesca de Langosta con Nasa en Los Roques, Venezuela.jpg|thumb|left|Fishing for ''[[Panulirus argus]]'' in Venezuela]]
Spiny lobsters are found in almost all warm seas, including the [[Caribbean]] and the [[Mediterranean Sea]], but are particularly common in [[Australasia]], where they are referred to commonly as [[crayfish]] or sea crayfish (''[[Jasus edwardsii]]''),<ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water]] |url=http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/cultureheritage/illawarraAboriginalResourceUse.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080727194359/http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/cultureheritage/illawarraAboriginalResourceUse.pdf |archive-date=2008-07-27 |url-status=live |title=Murni Dhungang Jirrar Living in the Illawarra - Aboriginal people and wild resource use |year=2005 |author=Sue Wesson |page=22}}</ref> and in [[South Africa]] (''[[Jasus lalandii]]'').

Spiny lobsters tend to live in crevices of rocks and [[coral]] [[reef]]s, only occasionally venturing out at night to seek [[snail]]s, [[clam]]s, [[Aplysiomorpha|sea-hares]],<ref name="Derby, Kicklighter et al (2007)">{{cite journal|url=http://www2.gsu.edu/~biocdd/Publications/Reprints/2007/Derby%2520et%2520al%2520joun%2520chem%2520eco%25202007.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219144435/http://www2.gsu.edu/~biocdd/Publications/Reprints/2007/Derby%20et%20al%20joun%20chem%20eco%202007.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 19, 2009|title=Chemical Composition of Inks of Diverse Marine Molluscs Suggests Convergent Chemical Defenses |author=Derby, Charles D. |author2=Kicklighter, Cynthia E. |author3=Johnson, P. M. |author4=Xu Zhang |name-list-style=amp |date=29 March 2007 |journal=Journal of Chemical Ecology |volume=2007 |issue=33 |pages=1105–1113 |access-date=9 May 2015 |doi=10.1007/s10886-007-9279-0 |pmid=17393278| s2cid=92064 }}</ref> [[crab]]s, or [[sea urchin]]s to eat. They sometimes migrate in very large groups in long files of lobsters across the sea floor. These lines may be more than 50 lobsters long. Spiny lobsters navigate using the smell and taste of natural substances in the water that change in different parts of the ocean. It was recently discovered that spiny lobsters can also navigate by detecting the [[Earth's magnetic field]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Physics |edition=7th |author1=John D. Cutnell  |author2=Kenneth W. Johnson  |name-list-style=amp |isbn=978-0-471-66315-7 |year=2007 |pages=1088|publisher=Wiley }}</ref> They keep together by contact, using their long antennae.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Miles Kelly Book of Life |location=[[Great Bardfield]], [[Essex]] |publisher=[[Miles Kelly Publishing]] |year=2006}}</ref> Potential [[predator]]s may be deterred from eating spiny lobsters by a loud screech made by the antennae of the spiny lobsters rubbing against a smooth part of the [[exoskeleton]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/07/0728_040728_spinylobsters.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040805035025/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/07/0728_040728_spinylobsters.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 5, 2004|title=Decoding spiny lobsters' violin-like screech |author=John Roach |date=July 28, 2004 |publisher=[[National Geographic News]]}}</ref> Spiny lobsters usually exhibit the social habit of being together. However recent studies indicate that healthy lobsters move away from infected ones, leaving the diseased lobsters to fend for themselves.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.odu.edu/webroot/orgs/IA/university_news.nsf/articles/05242006092037AM |title=Lobsters have innate way to stay healthy, ODU researchers say in Nature article |date=May 24, 2006 |publisher=[[Old Dominion University]] News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060910084900/http://www.odu.edu/webroot/orgs/IA/university_news.nsf/articles/05242006092037AM |archive-date=September 10, 2006}}</ref>

Like true lobsters, spiny lobsters are edible and are an economically significant food source; they are the biggest food export of the [[Bahamas]], for instance.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.internationalreports.net/theamericas/bahamas/2003/thespiny.html |title=The 'spiny' focus of fisheries |publisher=[[InternationalReports.net]] |year=2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121192929/http://www.internationalreports.net/theamericas/bahamas/2003/thespiny.html |archive-date=November 21, 2008}}</ref>

===Sound===
Many spiny lobsters produce [[rasp]]ing sounds to repel [[predator]]s by rubbing the "[[plectrum]]" at the base of the spiny lobster's antennae against a "[[File (tool)|file]]". The noise is produced by frictional vibrations – sticking and slipping, similar to rubber materials sliding against hard surfaces.<ref name= Meyer-Rochow>{{ cite journal|author1= Meyer-Rochow V.B.|author2=Penrose J.|year=1977| title=Sound production by the Western rock lobster Panulirus longipes|journal=Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology|volume=23|pages=191–210|doi=10.1016/0022-0981(76)90141-6}}</ref> While a number of insects use frictional vibration mechanisms to generate sound, this particular acoustic mechanism is unique in the animal kingdom. Significantly, the system does not rely on the hardness of the exoskeleton, as many other [[arthropod]] sounds do, meaning that the spiny lobsters can continue to produce the deterrent noises even in the period following a [[ecdysis|moult]] when they are most vulnerable.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=S. N. Patek  |author2=J. E. Baio  |name-list-style=amp |year=2007 |title=The acoustic mechanics of stick-slip friction in the California spiny lobster (''Panulirus interruptus'') |journal=[[Journal of Experimental Biology]] |volume=210 |issue=20 |pages=3538–3546 |pmid=17921155 |doi=10.1242/jeb.009084 |s2cid=15948322 |url=http://www.bio.umass.edu/biology/pateklab/sites/www.bio.umass.edu.biology.pateklab/files/PatekandBaio2007JEB.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218010417/http://www.bio.umass.edu/biology/pateklab/sites/www.bio.umass.edu.biology.pateklab/files/PatekandBaio2007JEB.pdf |archive-date=2012-02-18 |url-status=live |doi-access=free }}</ref> The stridulating organ is present in all but three genera in the family (''[[Jasus]]'', ''[[Projasus]]'', and the [[furry lobster]] ''[[Palinurellus]]''),<ref>{{cite book |url=http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/bis/lobsters.php?menuentry=inleiding |title=FAO species catalogue Vol. 13: Marine Lobsters of the World |author=Lipke Holthuis |author-link=Lipke Holthuis |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]] |year=1991 |isbn=92-5-103027-8 |access-date=2007-06-30 |archive-date=2009-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206190729/http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/bis/lobsters.php?menuentry=inleiding |url-status=dead }}</ref> and its form can distinguish different species.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://faculty.washington.edu/fishguy/Articles/Lobsters-Violin.html |title=The Lobster's Violin |author=Adam Summers |publisher=[[American Museum of Natural History]] |year=2001 |access-date=January 11, 2012}}</ref>