Editing Spectroscopy (section)

=== Nature of the interaction ===
The types of spectroscopy also can be distinguished by the nature of the interaction between the energy and the material. These interactions include:<ref name="Crouch-Skoog-Holler2007">{{cite book |author=Crouch |first1=Stanley R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GrOsQgAACAAJ |title=Principles of instrumental analysis |last2=Skoog |first2=Douglas A. |last3=Holler |first3=F. J. |publisher=Thomson Brooks/Cole |year=2007 |isbn=9780495012016 |location=Australia}}</ref>
* [[Absorption spectroscopy]]: Absorption occurs when energy from the radiative source is absorbed by the material. Absorption is often determined by measuring the fraction of energy transmitted through the material, with absorption decreasing the transmitted portion.
* [[Emission spectroscopy]]: Emission indicates that radiative energy is released by the material. A material's [[blackbody spectrum]] is a spontaneous emission spectrum determined by its temperature. This feature can be measured in the infrared by instruments such as the atmospheric emitted radiance interferometer.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Mariani | first1=Z. | last2=Strong | first2=K. | last3=Wolff | first3=M. | last4=Rowe | first4=P. | year=2012 | title=Infrared measurements in the Arctic using two Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometers | journal= Atmospheric Measurement Techniques| volume=5 | issue=2 | pages=329–344 | doi=10.5194/amt-5-329-2012|  last5=Walden | first5=V. | last6=Fogal | first6=P. F. | last7=Duck | first7=T. | last8=Lesins | first8=G. | last9=Turner | first9=D. S. | last10=Cox | first10=C. | last11=Eloranta | first11=E. | last12=Drummond | first12=J. R. | last13=Roy | first13=C.| last14=Turner | first14=D. D. | last15=Hudak | first15=D. | last16=Lindenmaier | first16=I. A. | bibcode=2012AMT.....5..329M| doi-access=free }}</ref> Emission can also be induced by other sources of energy such as [[flame spectroscopy|flames]], [[Spark (fire)|sparks]], [[electric arc]]s or electromagnetic radiation in the case of [[fluorescence spectroscopy|fluorescence]].
* [[Elastic scattering]] and [[reflectivity|reflection]] spectroscopy determine how incident radiation is reflected or scattered by a material. [[Crystallography]] employs the scattering of high energy radiation, such as x-rays and electrons, to examine the arrangement of atoms in proteins and solid crystals.
* [[Impedance spectroscopy]]: Impedance is the ability of a medium to impede or slow the transmittance of energy. For [[optics|optical]] applications, this is characterized by the [[index of refraction]].
* [[Inelastic scattering]] phenomena involve an exchange of energy between the radiation and the matter that shifts the wavelength of the scattered radiation. These include [[Raman scattering|Raman]] and [[Compton scattering]].
* [[Coherent spectroscopy|Coherent]] or resonance spectroscopy are techniques where the radiative energy couples two quantum states of the material in a [[coherence (physics)|coherent]] interaction that is sustained by the radiating field. The coherence can be disrupted by other interactions, such as particle collisions and energy transfer, and so often require high intensity radiation to be sustained. [[Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy|Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy]] is a widely used resonance method, and [[ultrafast laser spectroscopy]] is also possible in the infrared and visible spectral regions.
* [[Nuclear spectroscopy]] are methods that use the properties of specific [[Atomic nucleus|nuclei]] to probe the [[local structure]] in matter, mainly [[condensed matter]], [[molecule]]s in liquids or frozen liquids and bio-molecules.
* [[Quantum logic spectroscopy]] is a general technique used in [[ion traps]] that enables precision spectroscopy of ions with internal structures that preclude [[laser cooling]], state manipulation, and detection. [[Quantum logic]] operations enable a controllable ion to exchange information with a co-trapped ion that has a complex or unknown electronic structure.