Editing Spanglish (section)

===Calques===
[[Calques]] are translations of entire words or phrases from one language into another. Seen as the literal translation of English words to Spanish with the addition of a local Spanish accent. They represent the simplest forms of Spanglish, as they undergo no lexical or grammatical structural change.{{sfn|Stavans|2000b}}{{Page needed|date=December 2023}} The use of calques is common throughout most languages, evident in the calques of Arabic exclamations used in Spanish.{{sfn|Montes-Alcalá|2000|p=107}}

Examples:
* "to call back"  → {{lang|es-spanglis|llamar pa'trás}} (llamar pa' atrás, llamar para atrás) ({{lang|es|volver a llamar}}, {{lang|es|llamar de vuelta}})
* "It's up to you." → {{lang|es-spanglis|Está pa'rriba de ti.}} (Está pa' arriba de ti, Está para arriba de ti) ({{lang|es|Depende de ti. decide}} (You decide))
* "to be up to ..." → {{lang|es-spanglis|estar pa'rriba de ...}} (estar pa' arriba de ..., estar para arriba de ...) (depender de ... or X decida (X decides))
* "to run for governor" → {{lang|es-spanglis|correr para gobernador}} ({{lang|es|presentarse para gobernador}}){{sfn|Montes-Alcalá|2000|p=107}}

==== {{lang|es-spanglis|pa'trás}} ====
A well-known calque is {{lang|es-spanglis|pa'trás}} or {{lang|es-spanglis|para atrás}} in expressions such as {{lang|es-spanglis|llamar pa'trás}} 'to call back'. Here, {{lang|es-spanglis|pa'trás}} reflects the particle ''back'' in various [[English phrasal verbs]].{{sfn|Lipski|1986}}
Expressions with {{lang|es-spanglis|pa'trás}} are found in every stable English-Spanish contact situation:{{sfn|Lipski|2008|p=229}} the United States,{{sfn|Lipski|1986|p=88}} including among the isolated [[Isleños (Louisiana)|Isleño]]{{sfn|Lipski|1986|pp=88–91}} and [[Sabine River Spanish|Sabine River]] communities,{{sfn|Lipski|1987|p=124}} [[Llanito|Gibraltar]],{{sfn|Lipski|1986|pp=92–93}} and sporadically in [[Trinidad]] and along the Caribbean coast of Central America where the local English varieties are heavily creolized.{{sfn|Lipski|1986|pp=91–92}} Meanwhile, they're unattested in
non-contact varieties of Spanish.{{sfn|Lipski|1986|p=93}}
{{lang|es-spanglis|Pa'trás}} expressions are unique as a calque of an English verbal particle, since other phrasal verbs and particles are almost never calqued into Spanish.{{sfn|Lipski|2008|p=229}}
Because of this, and because they're consistent with existing Spanish grammar, {{Harvp|Otheguy|1993}} argues they are likely a result of a conceptual, not linguistic loan.
That is, the notion of "backness" has been expanded in these contact varieties.{{sfn|Otheguy|1993}}