Editing South Bruny National Park (section)

==== Forty-spotted pardalote ====
The [[forty-spotted pardalote]] is one of the rarest birds in Australia, and is classified as endangered.<ref name=":1" /> The distribution of the species has declined over the last century with the bird thought to no longer occupy many parts of Tasmania where it was once prevalent; two populations are now known on Bruny Island.<ref name=":5">{{cite journal |author1=Rounsevell, D. E. |author2=Woinarski, J. C. |date=1983 |title=Status and Conservation of the Forty-spotted Pardalote, ''Pardalotus quadragintus'' |journal=Australian Wildlife Research |volume=10 |pages=343–349 |doi=10.1071/wr9830343 |issue=2}}</ref> The pardalote’s rely on the white gum (Eucalyptus ''viminalis'') for survival and feed on small insects and manna (sap like sugary substance produced by white gums).<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6">{{cite web |publisher=Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, Tasmania |date=2012 |title=Listing Statement for Pardalotus quadragintus (Forty-spotted Pardalote) |work=Threatened Species Section |url=http://dpipwe.tas.gov.au/Documents/Pardalotus-quadragintus-listing-statement.pdf |access-date=20 May 2015 }}</ref> The pardalote prefers old growth hollows and logs for breeding and nesting, sites of newer growth have shown to be unsuitable with the pardalote showing disinterest.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |publisher=Understorey Network Tasmania |date=2011 |title=Habitat Plan for the Endangered Forty-Spotted Pardalote Pardalotus quadragintus |url=http://www.understorey-network.org.au/forty-spotted-pardalote.pdf |access-date=20 May 2015 }}</ref>

The numbers of forty-spotted pardalote's are still declining despite a number of rescue efforts. There are several factors preventing their abundance such as low dispersal, specialized diet and habitat, and competition with other birds that have established following land clearing.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> The primary threat to the species is clearing resulting in habitat loss; the clearing of dry sclerophyll forest and the key white gum trees along coastal areas has seen these specialists decline in numbers.<ref name=":7" /> Over the past ten years [[habitat destruction]] has been negligible, particularly with the declaration of the South Bruny National Park and other reserves on Bruny Island, however habitat fragmentation is a persisting issue, as is territory competition with other edge species.<ref name=":7" /> A challenge for future conservation of the species is maintaining habitat connectivity and ensuring the persistence of white gums as a core habitat tree. There have been two national recovery plans with the main management objectives being to reestablish white gums, assess more areas for protection, increase knowledge of the species through monitoring, and to educate the community and visitors.<ref name=":6" />