Editing Soft drink (section)

===Mass market and industrialization===
[[File:(1883) SCHWEPPES MINERAL-WATERS.jpg|thumb|An 1883 advertisement for [[Schweppes]] Mineral-Waters]]

Soft drinks soon outgrew their origins in the medical world and became a widely consumed product, available cheaply for the masses. By the 1840s, there were more than fifty soft drink manufacturers in London, an increase from just ten in the 1820s.<ref name="History"/> Carbonated [[lemonade]] was widely available in British refreshment stalls in 1833,<ref name="History">{{Cite book|title = SOFT DRINKS – Their origins and history|page = 8 and 11|last = Emmins|first = Colin|publisher = Shire Publications Ltd|year = 1991|isbn = 0-7478-0125-8|location = Great Britain|url = http://www.britishsoftdrinks.com/write/MediaUploads/Publications/Soft_Drinks_-_Their_Origins_and_History.pdf|access-date = July 6, 2015|archive-date = March 4, 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104125/http://www.britishsoftdrinks.com/write/MediaUploads/Publications/Soft_Drinks_-_Their_Origins_and_History.pdf|url-status = live}}</ref> and in 1845, [[R. White's Lemonade]] went on sale in the UK.<ref>{{cite news|title=Chester homeless charity teams up with lemonade brand|url=https://www.cheshire-live.co.uk/news/chester-cheshire-news/chester-homeless-charity-teams-up-12254126|publisher=Cheshire Live|date=October 8, 2017|access-date=October 8, 2017|archive-date=October 8, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008232415/http://www.chesterchronicle.co.uk/news/chester-cheshire-news/chester-homeless-charity-teams-up-12254126|url-status=live}}</ref> For the [[Great Exhibition]] of 1851 held at [[Hyde Park, London|Hyde Park]] in London, Schweppes was designated the official drink supplier and sold over a million bottles of lemonade, ginger beer, [[Seltzer water]] and soda-water.<ref name="History"/> There was a Schweppes soda water fountain, situated directly at the entrance to the exhibition.<ref name="Emmins" />

Mixer drinks became popular in the second half of the century. [[Tonic water]] was originally [[quinine]] added to water as a [[prophylaxis|prophylactic]] against [[malaria]] and was consumed by British officials stationed in the tropical areas of [[South Asia]] and Africa. As the quinine powder was so bitter people began mixing the powder with soda and sugar, and a basic tonic water was created. The first commercial tonic water was produced in 1858.<ref>{{cite web|last=Raustiala|first=Kal|title=The Imperial Cocktail|url=https://slate.com/technology/2013/08/gin-and-tonic-kept-the-british-empire-healthy-the-drinks-quinine-powder-was-vital-for-stopping-the-spread-of-malaria.html|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|date=August 28, 2013|publisher=[[The Slate Group]]|access-date=August 30, 2013|archive-date=August 28, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828120157/http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/foreigners/2013/08/gin_and_tonic_kept_the_british_empire_healthy_the_drink_s_quinine_powder.single.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[mixed drink]] [[gin and tonic]] also originated in [[British India|British colonial India]], when the British population would mix their medicinal quinine tonic with [[gin]].<ref name="Emmins" />

[[File:Image-Codd bottle.jpg|thumb|left|upright|The [[Codd-neck bottle]] invented in 1872 provided an effective seal, preventing the soft drinks from going 'flat'.]]
A persistent problem in the soft drinks industry was the lack of an effective sealing of the bottles. Carbonated drink [[bottle]]s are under great pressure from the gas, so inventors tried to find the best way to prevent the carbon dioxide or bubbles from escaping. The bottles could also explode if the pressure was too great. [[Hiram Codd]] devised a patented [[bottling]] machine while working at a small mineral water works in the [[Caledonian Road (London)|Caledonian Road]], [[Islington]], in London in 1870. His [[Codd-neck bottle]] was designed to enclose a [[marble]] and a [[rubber]] [[washer (mechanical)|washer]] in the neck. The bottles were filled upside down, and pressure of the gas in the bottle forced the marble against the washer, sealing in the carbonation. The bottle was pinched into a special shape to provide a chamber into which the marble was pushed to open the bottle. This prevented the marble from blocking the neck as the drink was poured.<ref name="Emmins" /> R. White's, by now the biggest soft drinks company in London and south-east England, featured a wide range of drinks on their price list in 1887, all of which were sold in Codd's glass bottles, with choices including strawberry soda, raspberry soda, cherryade and cream soda.<ref>{{cite news |title="Secret lemonade drinker": the story of R White's and successors in Barking and Essex. |url=http://barkinghistoricalsociety.co.uk/secret-lemonade-drinker.html |access-date=October 14, 2021 |agency=Barking and District Historical Society |archive-date=October 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026151404/https://barkinghistoricalsociety.co.uk/secret-lemonade-drinker.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File: New York utility lines in 1890.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|New York in 1890. A street sign "SODA" is visible at the bottom left part of the image.]]
In 1892, the "[[Crown cork|Crown Cork Bottle Seal]]" was patented by [[William Painter (inventor)|William Painter]], a Baltimore, Maryland machine shop operator. It was the first bottle top to successfully keep the bubbles in the bottle. In 1899, the first patent was issued for a [[glass-blowing]] machine for the automatic production of glass bottles. Earlier glass bottles had all been hand-blown. Four years later, the new bottle-blowing machine was in operation. It was first operated by [[Michael Joseph Owens|Michael Owens]], an employee of Libby Glass Company. Within a few years, glass bottle production increased from 1,400 bottles a day to about 58,000 bottles a day.

In America, [[soda fountain]]s were initially more popular, and many Americans would frequent the soda fountain daily. Beginning in 1806, [[Yale University]] chemistry professor [[Benjamin Silliman]] sold soda waters in [[New Haven, Connecticut]]. He used a Nooth apparatus to produce his waters. Businessmen in Philadelphia and New York City also began selling soda water in the early 19th century. In the 1830s, [[John Matthews (soda water manufacturer)|John Matthews]] of New York City and John Lippincott of Philadelphia began manufacturing soda fountains. Both men were successful and built large factories for fabricating fountains. Due to problems in the U.S. glass industry, bottled drinks remained a small portion of the market throughout much of the 19th century. (However, they were known in England. In ''[[The Tenant of Wildfell Hall]]'', published in 1848, the caddish Huntingdon, recovering from months of debauchery, wakes at noon and gulps a bottle of soda-water.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZEVaAAAAMAAJ&q=%22tenant+of+Wildfell+Hall%22&pg=PA198 |title=''Wildfell Hall'', ch. 30 |access-date=March 26, 2013 |year=1922 |last1=Brontë |first1=Anne |archive-date=April 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415235737/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZEVaAAAAMAAJ&q=%22tenant+of+Wildfell+Hall%22&pg=PA198 |url-status=live }}</ref>)

In the early 20th century, sales of bottled soda increased greatly around the world, and in the second half of the 20th century, canned soft drinks became an important share of the market. During the 1920s, "Home-Paks" were invented. "Home-Paks" are the familiar [[Carton|six-pack cartons]] made from cardboard. [[Vending machine]]s also began to appear in the 1920s. Since then, soft drink vending machines have become increasingly popular. Both hot and cold drinks are sold in these self-service machines throughout the world.