Editing Singapore English (section)

=== Malay, Indian, and Chinese influences ===
Although Standard Singapore English (SSE) is mainly influenced by British English and, recently, American English, there are other languages that also contribute to its use on a regular basis. The majority of Singaporeans speak more than one language, with many speaking three to four.<ref name="Singapore Colloquial English">{{cite web | first1=Anthea | last1=Gupta | url=http://www.hawaii.edu/satocenter/langnet/definitions/singlish.html | title=Singapore Colloquial English | website=University of Hawaiʻi| publisher=University of Hawaii | access-date=4 August 2014 }}</ref> Most Singaporean children are brought up bilingual. They are introduced to Malay, Chinese, Tamil, or Singapore Colloquial English (Singlish) as their native languages, depending on their families' ethnic backgrounds and/or socioeconomic status. They also acquire those languages from interacting with friends in school and other places. Naturally, the presence of other languages in Singapore has influenced Singapore English, something particularly apparent in Singlish.<ref name="Singapore Colloquial English"/>

Both Singapore English and Singapore colloquial English are used with multiple accents. Because Singaporeans speak different ethnic mother tongues, they exhibit ethnic-specific features in their speech such that their ethnicity can be readily identified from their speech alone.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lim|first=Lisa|date=1996|title=Prosodic patterns characterising Chinese, Indian, and Malay Singapore English.|journal=Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Reading}}</ref> The strength of one's ethnic mother tongue-accented English accent depends on factors like formality<ref>Deterding, D. & Poedjosoedarmo, G. (2000). To what extent can the ethnic group of young Singaporeans be identified from their speech? In A. Brown, D. Deterding, & E. L. Low (Eds.). ''The English Language in Singapore: Research on Pronunciation,'' (pp. 1–9). Singapore: SAAL.</ref> and their language dominance.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sim|first=Jasper Hong|date=2019-02-01|title=But you don't sound Malay!|journal=English World-Wide|language=en|volume=40|issue=1|pages=79–108|doi=10.1075/eww.00023.sim|s2cid=151307960 |issn=0172-8865}}</ref> Words from Malay, Chinese, and Tamil are also borrowed, if not code-switched, into Singapore English. For example, the [[Malay language|Malay]] words "[[wiktionary:makan|makan]]" (to eat), "[[wiktionary:habis|habis]]" (finished), and the [[Hokkien]] word "[[kiasu]]" ({{zh|t=驚輸|s=惊输|poj=kiaⁿ-su}}) are constantly used, having been adopted into the lexicon, to the point that Singaporeans are not necessarily aware of which language those words are from. The nativisation process has progressed so far that the word "kiasu" has been used in the Singapore press since 2000 without being [[Italic type|italicised]],<ref name="Singapore Colloquial English"/> and went onto claim international recognition, being admitted to the [[Oxford English Dictionary]] in 2007.<ref name="Leimgruber">{{cite web|last1=Leimgruber|first1=Jakob|title=Singapore English|url=http://jakobleimgruber.ch/papers/LLC.pdf|access-date=4 August 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221040/http://jakobleimgruber.ch/papers/LLC.pdf|archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Lee |first1=Min Kok |title=Kiasu is Oxford English Dictionary's Word of the Day: Other Singlish words in the OED |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/kiasu-is-oxford-english-dictionarys-word-of-the-day-other-singlish-words-in-the-oed |website=The Straits Times |access-date=9 December 2024 |date=February 11, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=kiasu, n. & adj. meanings, etymology and more |url=https://www.oed.com/dictionary/kiasu_n |website=Oxford English Dictionary |access-date=9 December 2024}}</ref>