Editing Shigellosis (section)

==Mechanism==
Upon ingestion, the bacteria pass through the [[gastrointestinal tract]] until they reach the [[small intestine]]. There they begin to multiply until they reach the [[large intestine]].<ref name="Aslam 2018">{{cite book |last1=Aslam |first1=A |last2=Gossman |first2=WG |title=''Shigella'' (Shigellosis) |date=14 February 2018 |location=Treasure Island, FL |publisher=StatPearls |pmid=29493962}}</ref> In the large intestine, the bacteria cause cell injury and the beginning stages of Shigellosis via two main mechanisms: direct invasion of epithelial cells in the large intestine and production of enterotoxin 1 and enterotoxin 2.<ref name="Aslam 2018" />

Unlike other bacteria, ''Shigella'' is not destroyed by the [[gastric acid]] in the stomach. As a result, it takes only 10 to 200 cells to cause an infection.<ref name="Aslam 2018" /> This [[infectious dose]] is several orders of magnitude smaller than that of other species of bacteria (e.g., [[cholera]], caused by the bacterium ''[[Vibrio cholerae]]'', has an infectious dose between 10<sup>8</sup> and 10<sup>11</sup> cells).<ref name="Nelson 2009">{{cite journal |last1=Nelson |first1=EJ |last2=Harris |first2=JB |last3=Glenn Morris Jr. |first3=J |last4=Calderwood |first4=SB |last5=Camilli |first5=A |title=Cholera transmission: the host, pathogen and bacteriophage dynamic |journal=Nat Rev Microbiol |date=October 2009 |volume=7 |issue=10 |pages=693–702 |doi=10.1038/nrmicro2204 |pmid=19756008 |pmc=3842031}}</ref>