Editing School voucher (section)

===Effects===

====Negative effects====
Besides the general lack of results, critics of school vouchers argue that vouchers will lead to segregation. Empirical studies show that there is some evidence that school vouchers can lead to racial or income segregation.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Brunner |first1=Eric J. |last2=Imazeki |first2=Jennifer |last3=Ross |first3=Stephen L. |display-authors=1 |year=2010 |title=Universal Vouchers and Racial and Ethnic Segregation |journal=[[Review of Economics and Statistics]] |volume=92 |issue=4 |pages=912–927 |doi=10.1162/REST_a_00037 |s2cid=57566240}}</ref> However, research on this topic is inconclusive, as there is also valid research that shows under certain circumstances, income and racial segregation can be reduced indirectly by increasing school choice.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nechyba |first=Thomas |year=2003 |title=School Finance, spatial income segregation, and the nature of communities |journal=Journal of Urban Economics |volume=54 |issue=1 |pages=61–88 |citeseerx=10.1.1.197.8436 |doi=10.1016/S0094-1190(03)00041-X}}</ref>

Additionally, since school vouchers are funded by the government, the implementation could cause the funds for public schools to be reduced. Private-school vouchers affect government budgets through two channels: additional direct voucher expenditures, and public school cost savings from lower enrollments.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Committee |first=United States Joint Economic |title=The Fiscal Effect of Private-School Vouchers - Analysis - United States Joint Economic Committee |url=https://www.jec.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/republicans/2017/12/the-fiscal-effect-of-private-school-vouchers |access-date=2018-04-25 |website=www.jec.senate.gov |language=en}}</ref> Voucher programs would be paid for by the government's education budget, which would be subtracted from the public school's budget. This might affect the public school system by giving them less to spend and use for their student's education.<ref name=":4" />

A 2018 study by Abdulkadiroğlu et al. found that disadvantaged students who won a lottery (the Louisiana Scholarship Program) to get vouchers to attend private schools had worse education outcomes than disadvantaged students who did not win vouchers: "LSP participation lowers math scores by 0.4 standard deviations and also reduces achievement in reading, science, and social studies. These effects may be due in part to selection of low-quality private schools into the program".<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Abdulkadiroğlu |first1=Atila |last2=Pathak |first2=Parag A. |last3=Walters |first3=Christopher R. |date=2018 |title=Free to Choose: Can School Choice Reduce Student Achievement? |journal=American Economic Journal: Applied Economics |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=175–206 |doi=10.1257/app.20160634 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

====Positive effects====
A 2021 [[meta-analysis]] by Shakeel et al., published in the journal '' School Effectiveness and School Improvement'', evaluated evidence from [[randomized controlled trial]]s assessing "student-level math and reading test score effects of school vouchers internationally."<ref name="2021Study">{{Cite journal |last1=Shakeel |first1=M. Danish |last2=Anderson |first2=Kaitlin P. |last3=Wolf |first3=Patrick J. |date=2021-10-02 |title=The participant effects of private school vouchers around the globe: a meta-analytic and systematic review |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09243453.2021.1906283 |journal=School Effectiveness and School Improvement |language=en |volume=32 |issue=4 |pages=509–542 |doi=10.1080/09243453.2021.1906283 |s2cid=233527235 |issn=0924-3453}}</ref> After evaluating 21 studies addressing 11 different voucher programs, the meta-analysis authors found "moderate evidence of positive achievement impacts of private school vouchers, with substantial effect heterogeneity across programs and outcome years" as well as evidence suggesting that "voucher interventions may be cost-effective even for null achievement impacts."<ref name=2021Study/> The study authors noted that future experimental studies might yield more facts on whether and how "long-term, scaled-up voucher interventions" affect student achievement.<ref name=2021Study/>