Editing Sayan Mountains (section)

==Origins of reindeer husbandry==
[[File:Осенний лес в горах Восточных Саян, Бурятия, Россия.jpg|thumb|Autumn forest in the Eastern Sayan Mountains, [[Buryatia]], [[Russia]].]]
According to [[Sev’yan I. Vainshtein]], Sayan reindeer herding, as historically practiced by the [[Evenk people|Evenks]], is "the oldest form of reindeer herding and is associated with the earliest domestication of the reindeer by the [[Samoyedic peoples|Samoyedic taiga population]] of the Sayan Mountains at the turn of the first millennium A.D."{{cn|date=August 2022}}

The Sayan region was apparently the origin of the economic and cultural complex of reindeer hunters-herdsmen that we now see among the various Evenki groups and the peoples of the Sayan area.{{cn|date=August 2022}}

The ancestors of modern Evenki groups inhabited areas adjacent to the Sayan Mountains, and it is highly likely that they took part in the process of reindeer domestication along with the Samoyedic population."<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/russia/evenki-reindeer-herding-history |title=Evenki Reindeer Herding: A History |access-date=30 December 2014 |work=Cultural Survival}}</ref> The local indigenous groups that have retained their traditional lifestyle nowadays live almost exclusively in the area of the Eastern Sayan mountains.<ref>{{citation |last=Vainshtein |first=Sev’yan I. |year=1971 |title=The Problem of the Origins of Reindeer Herding in Eurasia, Part II: The Role of the Sayan Center in the Diffusion of Reindeer Herding in Eurasia |journal=[[Etnograficheskoe Obozrenie|Sovetskaya Etnografiya]] |volume=5 |pages= 37–52}}</ref> However, the local reindeer herding communities were greatly affected by [[russification]] and [[sovietization]], with many Evenks losing their traditional lifestyle and groups like the [[Mator language|Mator]] and [[Kamasins|Kamas]] peoples being assimilated altogether.<ref>{{cite book |last=Forysth |first=J. |year=1991 |chapter=The Siberian Native Peoples Before and After the Russian Conquest |editor-first=A. |editor-last=Wood |title=The History of Siberia: From Russian Conquest to Revolution |pages=69–91 |location=London |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-05873-2 }}</ref>

According to [[Juha Janhunen]], and other linguists, the homeland of the [[Uralic languages]] is located in South-Central Siberia in the Sayan Mountains region.<ref>{{cite book |chapter=Proto-Uralic—what, where, and when? |first=Juha |last=Janhunen |location=Helsinki |title=The Quasquicentennial of the Finno-Ugrian Society |year=2009 |chapter-url=https://www.sgr.fi/sust/sust258/sust258.pdf#page=57 |pages=57–78 }}</ref>{{failed verification|date=September 2021}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anthropogenesis.kinshipstudies.org/blog/2012/10/01/on-the-homeland-of-the-uralic-language-family/|title=On the Homeland of the Uralic Language Family|last=Dziebel|first=German|date=October 2012 |language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-21}}</ref> Meanwhile, [[Turkology|Turkologist]] [[Peter Benjamin Golden]] locates the [[Proto-Turkic]] Urheimat in the southern [[taiga]]-[[steppe]] zone of the Sayan-Altay region.<ref>{{cite book|last=Golden|first=Peter Benjamin|title=Studies on the peoples and cultures of the Eurasian steppes|date=2011|publisher=Ed. Acad. Române|location=Bucureşti|isbn=978-973-1871-96-7|chapter=Ethnogenesis in the tribal zone: The Shaping of the Turks|chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/9609971}}</ref> Alternatively, the Proto-Uralic homeland is located farther westwards (e.g. in the [[Volga]]-[[Kama (river)|Kama]] region<ref>Parpola, A. (2013). "Formation of the Indo-European and Uralic language families in the light of archaeology: Revised and integrated 'total' correlations". In R. Grünthal, & P. Kallio (Eds.), ''Linguistic map of prehistoric north Europe'' (pp. 119-184). (Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne; Vol. 266). Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura. p. 160</ref>) while the Proto-Turkic homeland is located farther eastwards (e.g. "in the southern fringe of the [Northern Eurasian Greenbelt] in Northeast Asia ... near eastern Mongolia"). <ref>Uchiyama, J., Gillam, J., Savelyev, A., & Ning, C. (2020). "Populations dynamics in Northern Eurasian forests: A long-term perspective from Northeast Asia", ''Evolutionary Human Sciences'', 2, E16. {{doi|10.1017/ehs.2020.11}}</ref>