Editing Santa Barbara, California (section)

===Early 20th century to World War II===
[[File:SantaBarbaraVenturaOilGasFields.png|thumb|right|A map of Santa Barbara Oil and Gas Fields]]
Just before the turn of the 20th century, oil was discovered at the [[Summerland Oil Field]], and the region along the beach east of Santa Barbara sprouted numerous oil derricks and piers for [[Offshore drilling|drilling offshore]]. This was the first offshore oil development in the world; oil drilling offshore would become a contentious practice in the Santa Barbara area, which continues to the present day.<ref>Baker, p. 63</ref>

Santa Barbara housed the world's largest movie studio during the era of silent film. Flying A Studios, a division of the [[American Film Manufacturing Company]], operated on two city blocks centered at State and Mission between 1910 and 1922, with the industry shutting down locally and moving to [[Hollywood, Los Angeles|Hollywood]] once it outgrew the area, needing the resources of a larger city. Flying A and the other smaller local studios produced approximately 1,200 films during their tenure in Santa Barbara, of which approximately 100 survive.<ref>Tompkins, 1976, p. 258</ref><ref>Baker, p. 72</ref><ref>Birchard, p. 49</ref>

During this period, the [[Alco Hydro-Aeroplane Company|Loughead Aircraft Company]] was established on lower State Street, and regularly tested [[seaplane]]s off of East Beach. This was the genesis of what would later become [[Lockheed Corporation|Lockheed]].
[[File:Santa Barbara County Courthouse, California.jpg|thumb|right|The new Santa Barbara County Courthouse was dedicated on August 14, 1929.]]
The magnitude 6.3<ref>{{cite web|url=http://projects.eri.ucsb.edu/sb_eqs/SBEQCatlog/SBEQdescrips/SBEQs1921-1925.html|title=Catalog of Santa Barbara Earthquakes|publisher=Institute for Crustal Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara|access-date=September 29, 2014|archive-date=September 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919090301/https://projects.eri.ucsb.edu/sb_eqs/SBEQCatlog/SBEQdescrips/SBEQs1921-1925.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Southern California Earthquake Data Center|title=Significant Earthquakes and Faults, Santa Barbara Earthquake|url=http://www.data.scec.org/significant/santabarbara1925.html|access-date=September 29, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103042939/http://www.data.scec.org/significant/santabarbara1925.html|archive-date=January 3, 2015}}</ref> [[1925 Santa Barbara earthquake|earthquake of June 29, 1925]], the first destructive earthquake in California since the [[1906 San Francisco earthquake|1906 San Francisco quake]], destroyed much of downtown Santa Barbara and killed 13 people. The earthquake caused infrastructure to collapse including the Sheffield Dam.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://projects.eri.ucsb.edu/sb_eqs/1925/1925.html|title=1925 Santa Barbara Earthquake: In Brief|website=projects.eri.ucsb.edu|access-date=August 1, 2018|archive-date=August 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821170211/http://projects.eri.ucsb.edu/sb_eqs/1925/1925.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The low death toll is attributed to the early hour (6:44&nbsp;a.m., before most people were out on the streets, vulnerable to falling masonry). While this quake, like the one in 1812, was centered in the Santa Barbara Channel, it caused no tsunami. It came at an opportune time for rebuilding, since a movement for architectural reform and unification around a [[Spanish Colonial Revival architecture|Spanish Colonial style]] was already underway. Under the leadership of [[Pearl Chase]], many of the city's famous buildings rose as part of the rebuilding process, including the [[Santa Barbara County Courthouse]], sometimes praised as the "most beautiful public building in the United States." In 1907 in northern Santa Barbara county a horrific train accident claimed the lives of 37, the exact cause of which is still unknown. It is still the deadliest disaster in the Santa Barbara history.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Redmon|first1=Michael|title=1907 Train Wreck|url=http://www.independent.com/news/2013/jul/02/1907-train-wreck/|work=[[Santa Barbara Independent]]|date=July 2, 2013|access-date=February 10, 2015|archive-date=December 13, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213231610/http://www.independent.com/news/2013/jul/02/1907-train-wreck/|url-status=live}}</ref>

During World War II, Santa Barbara was home to [[Marine Corps Air Station Santa Barbara]], and [[Naval Reserve Center Santa Barbara]] at the harbor. Up the coast, west of the city, was the Army's Camp Cooke (the present-day [[Vandenberg Space Force Base]]). In the city,
Hoff General Hospital treated servicemen wounded in the [[Pacific Ocean theater of World War II|Pacific Theatre]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.militarymuseum.org/HoffGen%20Hosp.html|title=Hoff General Hospital|access-date=December 17, 2020|archive-date=January 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102025644/http://www.militarymuseum.org/HoffGen%20Hosp.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On February 23, 1942, not long after the outbreak of war in the Pacific, the Japanese submarine ''[[Japanese submarine I-17|I-17]]'' surfaced offshore and [[Bombardment of Ellwood|lobbed 16 shells]] at the [[Ellwood Oil Field]], about {{convert|10|mi|km|round=5}} west of Santa Barbara, in the first shelling attack by an enemy power on the continental U.S. since the [[Attack on Orleans|bombardment of Orleans]] in [[World War I]]. Although the shelling was inaccurate and only caused about $500 damage to a catwalk, panic was immediate. Many Santa Barbara residents fled, and land values plummeted to historic lows.