Editing Saint Paul, Minnesota (section)

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1850= 1112
|1860= 10401
|1870= 20030
|1880= 41473
|1890= 133156
|1900= 163065
|1910= 214744
|1920= 234698
|1930= 271606
|1940= 287736
|1950= 311349
|1960= 313411
|1970= 309980
|1980= 270230
|1990= 272235
|2000= 287151
|2010= 285068
|2020= 311527
|estyear=2023
|estimate=303820
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2022">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html|date=October 12, 2023|title=City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2022|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 12, 2023}}</ref>
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html |title=Census of Population and Housing |author=United States Census Bureau |access-date=June 9, 2014 |author-link=United States Census Bureau |archive-date=March 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321050514/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html |url-status=live}}</ref><br />2020 Census<ref name="2020 Census (City)">{{cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US2758000 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=March 7, 2022}}</ref>
}}

{{Main|Demographics of Saint Paul, Minnesota}}

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size:90%;"
|-
! Demographic profile !! 2020<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=st.%20paul,%20minnesota&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2 |publisher=US Census Bureau |title=2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) |access-date=February 12, 2022 |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212060901/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=st.%20paul,%20minnesota&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2 |url-status=live}}</ref>!!2010<ref>{{cite web |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/27/2758000.html |title=St. Paul (city), Minnesota |work=State & County QuickFacts |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916024758/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/27/2758000.html |archive-date=September 16, 2008}}</ref>!! 2000<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/ |title=Race and Hispanic or Latino: 2000 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=June 14, 2017 |archive-date=July 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709054630/https://www.census.gov/ |url-status=live}}</ref>!! 1990<ref name="census1">{{cite web |title=Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |access-date=April 20, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |archive-date=August 12, 2012}}</ref> !! 1970<ref name="census1" />
|-
| [[Non-Hispanic whites|White]] (non-Hispanic) || 48.8% || 55.9% || 64.0% || 80.4% || 93.6%<ref name="fifteen">From 15% sample</ref>
|-
| [[Asian Americans|Asian]] (non-Hispanic) || 19.2% || 14.9% || 12.4% || 7.1% || 0.2%
|-
| [[African Americans|Black or African American]] (non-Hispanic) || 16.5% || 15.3% || 11.7% || 7.4% || 3.5%

|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] || 9.7% || 9.6% || 7.9% || 4.2% || 2.1%<ref name="fifteen" />
|}
[[File:Ethnic Origins in St. Paul, MN.png|thumb|Ethnic origins in St. Paul]]
[[File:Race and ethnicity 2010- Minneapolis (5560453662).png|thumb|Map of racial distribution in Minneapolis-St. Paul, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people: {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ff0000|White}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#0000ff|Black}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#00ffaa|Asian}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffa600|Hispanic}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffff07|Other}}]]

===2020 census===
As of the [[2020 United States census|census of 2020]],<ref name="2020-census-2758000">{{cite web|title=2020 Decennial Census: St. Paul city, Minnesota |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US2758000&y=2020&d=DEC%20Redistricting%20Data%20%28PL%2094-171%29&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P1 |website=data.census.gov |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=1 January 2023}}</ref> the population was 311,527. The [[population density]] was {{convert|5,994.0|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 127,392 housing units at an average density of {{convert|2,451.1|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. In terms of [[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|race]], the city's population was 50.5% White (21.1% [[German Americans|German]]), 19.2% Asian (10.9% [[Hmong Americans|Hmong]], 2.53% [[Burmese Americans|Burmese]], 0.85% [[Vietnamese Americans|Vietnamese]], 0.69% [[Chinese Americans|Chinese]], 0.51% [[Indian Americans|Indian]]), 16.8% Black or African American (1.7% [[Somali Americans|Somali]], 1.5% [[Ethiopian Americans|Ethiopian]]), 1.0% Native American, 4.8% from other races and 7.6% from two or more races. Residents of |Hispanic or Latino ancestry, of any race, made up 9.7% of the population (6.58% [[Mexican Americans|Mexican]], 0.68% [[Salvadoran Americans|Salvadoran]]).<ref name="statisticalatlas.com">{{Cite web |title=The Demographic Statistical Atlas of the United States - Statistical Atlas |url=https://statisticalatlas.com/place/Minnesota/St-Paul/Ancestry |access-date=2024-03-20 |website=statisticalatlas.com}}</ref>

The 2020 census of the city included 291 people incarcerated in adult correctional facilities and 5,640 people in student housing.<ref name="2020-P5-2758000">{{cite web|title=Group Quarters Population, 2020 Census: St. Paul city, Minnesota |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US2758000&y=2020&d=DEC%20Redistricting%20Data%20%28PL%2094-171%29&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P5 |website=data.census.gov |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=1 January 2023}}</ref>

According to the [[American Community Survey]] estimates for 2016–2020, the median income for a household in the city was $59,717, and the median income for a family was $74,852. Male full-time workers had a median income of $50,186 versus $45,541 for female workers. The [[per capita income]] was $32,779. About 13.2% of families and 17.9% of the population were below the [[Poverty threshold|poverty line]], including 27.0% of those under age 18 and 10.1% of those age 65 or over.<ref name="2020-EconChar-2758000">{{cite web|title=Selected Economic Characteristics, 2020 American Community Survey: St. Paul city, Minnesota |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US2758000&y=2020&d=ACS%205-Year%20Estimates%20Data%20Profiles&tid=ACSDP5Y2020.DP03 |website=data.census.gov |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=1 January 2023}}</ref> Of the population age 25 and over, 87.6% were high school graduates or higher and 41.3% had a bachelor's degree or higher.<ref name="2020-SocChar-2758000">{{cite web|title=Selected Social Characteristics, 2020 American Community Survey: St. Paul city, Minnesota |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US2758000&y=2020&d=ACS%205-Year%20Estimates%20Data%20Profiles&tid=ACSDP5Y2020.DP02 |website=data.census.gov |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=1 January 2023}}</ref>

===2010 census===
As of the [[2010 United States census|2010 census]],<ref name="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web |title=U.S. Census website |url=https://www.census.gov/ |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=November 13, 2012 |archive-date=July 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709054630/https://www.census.gov/ |url-status=live}}</ref> there were 285,068 people, 111,001 households, and 59,689 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|5484.2|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 120,795 housing units at an average density of {{convert|2323.9|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The [[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|racial makeup]] of the city was 60.1% White, 15.7% African American, 1.1% Native American, 15.0% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 3.9% from other races, and 4.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 9.6% of the population.

There were 111,001 households, of which 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.1% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 14.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 46.2% were non-families. 35.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.33.

The median age in the city was 30.9 years. 25.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 13.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29.6% were from 25 to 44; 22.6% were from 45 to 64; and 9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.9% male and 51.1% female.

===Ethnic history===
The earliest known inhabitants of the St. Paul area, from about 400 AD, were members of the [[Hopewell tradition]], who buried their dead in mounds on the river bluffs (now [[Indian Mounds Park (Saint Paul, Minnesota)|Indian Mounds Park]]). The next known inhabitants were the [[Mdewakanton]] [[Sioux|Dakota]] in the 17th century, who fled their ancestral home of [[Mille Lacs Lake]] in central Minnesota in response to westward expansion of the [[Ojibwa|Ojibwe]] nation.<ref name="DakotaLife" /> The Ojibwe later occupied the north (east) bank of the Mississippi River.

By 1800, [[French-Canadian]] explorers came through the region and attracted fur traders. [[Fort Snelling]] and Pig's Eye Tavern also brought the first Yankees from [[New England]] and [[English people|English]], [[Irish people|Irish]], and [[Scottish people|Scottish]] [[immigrant]]s, who had enlisted in the army and settled nearby after discharge. These early settlers and entrepreneurs built houses on the heights north of the river. The first wave of immigration came with the Irish, who settled at [[Connemara Patch]] along the Mississippi, named for their home, [[Connemara]], Ireland. The Irish [[History of the Irish in Saint Paul|became prolific]] in politics, city governance, and public safety, much to the chagrin of the Germans and French, who had grown into the majority. In 1850, the first of many groups of [[Swedish people|Swedish immigrants]] passed through St. Paul on their way to farming communities in northern and western regions of the [[Minnesota Territory|territory]]. A large group settled in [[Swede Hollow]], which later became home to Poles, Italians, and Mexicans. The last Swedish presence moved up St. Paul's East Side along [[Payne Avenue State Bank|Payne Avenue]] in the 1950s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.macalester.edu/geography/mage/curriculum/gomn/tc_geog/from_swede_hollow_to_arlington_hills.pdf |title=From Swede Hollow to Arlington Hills, From Snoose Boulevard to Minnehaha Parkway: Swedish Neighborhoods of the Twin Cities |year=2001 |first=David A. |last=Lanegran |publisher=Macalester College |access-date=July 28, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724113740/http://www.macalester.edu/geography/mage/curriculum/goMN/tc_geog/From_Swede_Hollow_to_Arlington_Hills.pdf |archive-date=July 24, 2008}}</ref>

Of people who specified [[European American|European ancestry]] in the 2005–07 [[American Community Survey]] of St. Paul, 26.4% were [[German American|German]], 13.8% [[Irish American|Irish]], 8.4% [[Norwegian American|Norwegian]], 7.0% [[Swedish American|Swedish]], and 6.2% [[English American|English]]. There is also a visible community of people of [[Sub-Saharan Africa]]n ancestry, representing 4.2% of the population.

By the 1980s, the Thomas-Dale area, once an Austro-Hungarian enclave known as [[Frogtown, Saint Paul, Minnesota|Frogtown]] (German: ''Froschburg''), became home to Vietnamese and other Southeast Asian people who had left their war-torn countries. A settlement program for the Hmong diaspora came soon after, and by 2000, St. Paul had the largest urban Hmong contingent in the nation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rchs.com/neighborhoods/frogtown.htm |title=District 7: Thomas-Dale or Frogtown |publisher=Ramsey County Historical Society |year=2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411064558/http://www.rchs.com/neighborhoods/frogtown.htm |archive-date=April 11, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2004-11-29-hmong-closerlook_x.htm |date=November 29, 2004 |title=Hmong get closer look since shootings |first=Tom |last=Kenworthy |newspaper=USA Today |access-date=September 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630193716/http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2004-11-29-hmong-closerlook_x.htm |archive-date=June 30, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Hmong Resettlement Revisited |publisher=Bridging Refugee Youth and Children's Services |date=June 2004 |url=http://www.brycs.org/brycs_spotjune04.htm |access-date=November 4, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823120646/http://www.brycs.org/brycs_spotjune04.htm |archive-date=August 23, 2007 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

[[Hmong Americans]] make up 11% of St. Paul's population as of 2021, and Saint Paul, as well as the [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul|Twin Cities]] area in general, is considered the center of Hmong culture in America. Hmongs are most concentrated in the neighborhoods of [[Frogtown, Saint Paul, Minnesota|Frogtown]], [[Payne-Phalen, Saint Paul|Payne-Phalen]], [[Dayton's Bluff, Saint Paul|Dayton's Bluff]], the [[North End, Saint Paul|North End]], and the [[Greater East Side, Saint Paul|Greater East Side]],<ref name="statisticalatlas.com"/> which are considered ethnic enclaves for [[History of the Hmong in Minneapolis–Saint Paul|Hmong Minnesotans]], with a large number of businesses, organizations, and events catering to the Hmong population, such as the [[Hmongtown Marketplace]] in Frogtown.

Other large Southeast Asian populations live in Saint Paul, particularly [[Burmese Americans]] of the [[Karen people|Karen]] and [[Karenni people|Karenni]] ethnic group, who immigrated to the U.S. as refugees in the 2000s and 2010s due to [[Myanmar conflict|internal conflict]] and discrimination in [[Myanmar]]. Minnesota is believed to have the largest population of [[Karen Americans]], with a population of 12,000 in 2017,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Homepage {{!}} Literacy Minnesota |url=https://www.literacymn.org/ |access-date=2024-03-20 |website=www.literacymn.org |language=en}}</ref> who are mostly concentrated in Saint Paul. Burmese and Karen residents of Saint Paul make up 5.2% of the population in 2021, and are most concentrated in the neighborhoods of the [[North End, Saint Paul|North End]], [[Payne-Phalen, Saint Paul|Payne-Phalen]], and [[Frogtown, Saint Paul, Minnesota|Frogtown]].<ref name="statisticalatlas.com"/>

Mexican immigrants have settled in St. Paul since the 1930s; although Mexican populations exist throughout Saint Paul, by far the largest concentration of [[Mexican Americans]] is on St. Paul's [[West Side, Saint Paul|West Side]], where Mexicans form a plurality of the population; Mexico opened a foreign consulate there in 2005.<ref>{{cite web |title=Saint Paul Ethnic Population Growth |publisher=City of Saint Paul |url=http://www.ci.stpaul.mn.us/index.asp?NID=2020 |access-date=November 6, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116144505/http://www.ci.stpaul.mn.us/index.asp?NID=2020 |archive-date=January 16, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Bianca Vazquez |last=Toness |title=Mexican consulate opens in June |publisher=Minnesota Public Radio |date=May 24, 2005 |url=http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/2005/05/20_tonessb_consulate/ |access-date=November 6, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060918174236/http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/2005/05/20_tonessb_consulate/ |archive-date=September 18, 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Saint Paul also has a large population of Central Americans, particularly [[Salvadoran Americans|Salvadorans]], throughout eastern St. Paul and the West Side.

St. Paul has become home to a large number of [[Somali Americans|Somalis]] and [[Ethiopian Americans|Ethiopians]] since the 1990s, largely as refugees fleeing conflict in their home regions. Somali and Ethiopian populations are largest in the neighborhoods of [[Summit-University, Saint Paul|Summit-University]] and [[Frogtown, Saint Paul, Minnesota|Frogtown]], where there are many businesses and organizations for Somali and Ethiopian populations.<ref name="statisticalatlas.com"/>

[[African Americans]] in St. Paul initially entered through servitude to officers at Fort Snelling, marking a crucial point in their history. Despite the absence of legal slavery in Minnesota, Army officers were permitted to bring their enslaved individuals into the region.<ref>[https://saintpaulhistorical.com/tours/show/41 Tour | African American Heritage: Points of Entry]</ref> Today, African Americans are one of the largest groups among Saint Paul's population; African Americans make up approximately 14% of Saint Paul's population, the second-largest background group, before Hmongs and after German-Americans. The city's African American residents are concentrated in its central and eastern neighborhoods.

Most St. Paul residents claiming religious affiliation are [[Christianity|Christian]], split between the [[Roman Catholic Church]] and various [[Protestant]] denominations. The Roman Catholic presence comes from Irish, German, Scottish, and French Canadian settlers, later bolstered by Hispanic immigrants. There are [[Judaism|Jewish]] [[synagogue]]s such as [[Mount Zion Temple]] and significant populations of [[Hinduism|Hindus]], [[Islam|Muslims]], and [[Buddhism|Buddhists]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsey County, Minnesota |url=http://www.thearda.com/mapsReports/reports/counties/27123_2000.asp |work=Religious Congregations and Membership in the United States, 2000 |publisher=Association of Religion Data Archives |access-date=December 21, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205193048/http://www.thearda.com/mapsReports/reports/counties/27123_2000.asp |archive-date=December 5, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The city has been dubbed "paganistan" due to its large [[Wicca]]n population.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gihring |first=Tim |title=Welcome to Paganistan |work=Minnesota Monthly |access-date=May 23, 2011 |date=April 2009 |url=http://www.minnesotamonthly.com/media/Minnesota-Monthly/April-2009/MNMO-Recommends/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110908075718/http://www.minnesotamonthly.com/media/Minnesota-Monthly/April-2009/MNMO-Recommends/ |archive-date=September 8, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>