Editing SQL (section)

===Standardization history===
SQL was adopted as a standard by the ANSI in 1986 as SQL-86<ref name="X3H2" /> and the ISO in 1987.<ref name="ISO 9075:1987" /> It is maintained by [[ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 32|''ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 32, Data management and interchange'']].

Until 1996, the [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]] (NIST) data-management standards program certified SQL DBMS compliance with the SQL standard. Vendors now self-certify the compliance of their products.<ref name="Doll" />

The original standard declared that the official pronunciation for "SQL" was an [[initialism]]: {{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɛ|s|ˌ|k|juː|ˈ|ɛ|l}} ("ess cue el").<ref name="SQL-Fundamentals" /> Regardless, many English-speaking database professionals (including Donald Chamberlin himself<ref name="Gillespie" />) use the [[acronym]]-like pronunciation of {{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|iː|k|w|əl}} ("sequel"),<ref name="Melton" /> mirroring the language's prerelease development name, "SEQUEL".<ref name=chamberlin-boyce-sequel /><ref name=oppel-databases /><ref name="Gillespie" /><br> The SQL standard has gone through a number of revisions:

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: 1.5em;"
|+Timeline of SQL language
|-
! Year
! Official standard
! Informal<br />name
! Comments
|-
| 1986<br />1987
| ANSI X3.135:1986<br />[[ISO/IEC 9075]]:1987<br />FIPS PUB 127
| [[SQL-86]]<br />SQL-87
| First formalized by ANSI, adopted as [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS]]  PUB 127
|-
| 1989
| ANSI X3.135-1989<br />ISO/IEC 9075:1989<br />FIPS PUB 127-1
| [[SQL-89]]
| Minor revision that added integrity constraints, adopted as FIPS PUB 127-1
|-
| 1992
| | ANSI X3.135-1992<br />ISO/IEC 9075:1992<br />FIPS PUB 127-2
| [[SQL-92]]<br />SQL2
| Major revision (ISO 9075), ''Entry Level'' SQL-92, adopted as FIPS PUB 127-2
|-
| 1999
| ISO/IEC 9075:1999
| [[SQL:1999]]<br />SQL3
| Added regular expression matching, [[hierarchical and recursive queries in SQL|recursive queries]] (e.g., [[transitive closure]]), [[Database trigger|triggers]], support for procedural and control-of-flow statements, nonscalar types (arrays), and some object-oriented features (e.g., [[structured type]]s), support for embedding SQL in Java ([[SQL/OLB]]) and vice versa ([[SQL/JRT]])
|-
| 2003
| ISO/IEC 9075:2003
| [[SQL:2003]]
| Introduced [[XML]]-related features ([[SQL/XML]]), [[SQL window function|window functions]], standardized sequences, and columns with autogenerated values (including identity columns)
|-
| 2006
| {{nowrap|ISO/IEC 9075-14:2006}}
| [[SQL:2006]]
| Adds Part 14, defines ways that SQL can be used with XML. It defines ways of importing and storing XML data in an SQL database, manipulating it within the database, and publishing both XML and conventional SQL data in XML form. In addition, it lets applications integrate queries into their SQL code with [[XQuery]], the XML Query Language published by the World Wide Web Consortium ([[W3C]]), to concurrently access ordinary SQL-data and XML documents.<ref name="SQLXML2006" />
|-
| 2008
| ISO/IEC 9075:2008
| [[SQL:2008]]
| Legalizes ORDER BY outside cursor definitions. Adds INSTEAD OF triggers, TRUNCATE statement,<ref name="iablog.sybase.com-paulley" /> FETCH clause
|-
| 2011
| ISO/IEC 9075:2011
| [[SQL:2011]]
| Adds temporal data (PERIOD FOR)<ref name="feature_temporal"/> (more information at [[Temporal database#History]]). Enhancements for [[SQL window function|window functions]] and FETCH clause.<ref name="features_2011"/>
|-
| 2016
| ISO/IEC 9075:2016
| [[SQL:2016]]
| Adds row pattern matching, polymorphic table functions, operations on [[JSON]] data stored in character string fields
|-
| 2019
| ISO/IEC 9075-15:2019
| [[SQL:2019]]
| Adds Part 15, multidimensional arrays (MDarray type and operators)
|-
| 2023
| ISO/IEC 9075:2023
| [[SQL:2023]]
| Adds data type JSON (SQL/Foundation); Adds Part 16, Property Graph Queries (SQL/PGQ)
|}